Parallels between David and Jesus

One of the most interesting ways to read the Bible is through the lens of typology. Typology is where a person or event in the Old Testament foreshadows a greater person or event in the New Testament. The word “typology” comes from Paul, in Romans 5:14, where he referred to Adam as a figure or “type” of Christ.

Romans 5:14 Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam’s transgression, who is the figure of him [Jesus] that was to come. [The statement “death reigned from Adam to Moses” in Romans 5:14 refers to a period before the formal Mosaic Law was given, during which humanity still experienced death as the consequence of sin, even though sin wasn’t “imputed” in the same way it was after the Law was given. Moses is the point of reference because he is associated with the formal giving of the Law on Mount Sinai, which clearly exposed sin and its consequences in a more explicit and codified manner. This period illustrates that death’s dominion was not limited to those who broke a specific commandment, but was a universal condition stemming from Adam’s sin.] [The “first” Adam is presented as a “figure” or type of Christ, who was the “second Adam” / “last Adam”.]

Biblical typology originated in the New Testament, where Paul and other New Testament writers identified individuals and events in the Old Testament as “types” (prefiguring patterns) of realities in Christ and the New Covenant, a concept they called “antitypes”, as seen in Paul’s reference to Adam as a type of Christ. This interpretive framework was well-understood by Jews during Jesus’ time and continued to be developed throughout Christian history, finding widespread use from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance.

Parallels between David and Jesus – The Events of Two Kings

The Word of God names Jesus by His identity as ‘Son of David’ right from His genealogy (Matthew 1:1, 17), even going so far as to remind us that Joseph was a ‘Son of David’ (Matthew 1:20) who passed down to Jesus not just genetic descent from David, which Mary, daughter of David through Nathan, also provided to Jesus (Luke 3:23 – 30), but the title to the Davidic throne, as Joseph was specifically part of the royal line through Solomon.

Both David and Jesus are mentioned in the genealogies of Matthew 1 and Luke 3 [Matthew 1:6; Luke 3:32 Matthew 1:16; Luke 3:23]

Matthew and Luke’s genealogies of Jesus confirm that David and Jesus are genealogically linked:

Matthew 1:01: ¶ The book of the generation of JESUS CHRIST, the SON of DAVID, the son of Abraham.

Matthew 1:16 And Jacob begat JOSEPH the HUSBAND of MARY, of whom was born JESUS, who is called CHRIST.

Matthew 1:17 So all the generations from Abraham to DAVID [are] fourteen generations; and from David until the carrying away into Babylon [are] fourteen generations; and from the carrying away into Babylon unto CHRIST [are] fourteen generations.

Matthew 1:20 But while he thought on these things, behold, the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a dream, saying, JOSEPH, thou SON of DAVID, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife: for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost.

and

Luke 3:23 And JESUS himself began to be ABOUT THIRTY YEARS OF AGE, being (as was supposed) the son of JOSEPH, which was [the son] of Heli,

Luke 3:31 Which was [the son] of Melea, which was [the son] of Menan, which was [the son] of Mattatha, which was [the son] of Nathan, which was [the son] of DAVID,

David was the youngest son of Jesse, as the Messiah in the prophecies is spoken of as coming in the latter days. He has frequently the appellation of “God’s servant.” It would be endless to mention all the places; see them in the Concordance under the words “Servant DAVID.” Likewise, the Messiah often has this appellation in the prophecies (Isaiah 42:1, Isaiah 42:19, and Isaiah 49:3, Isaiah 49:6, and Isaiah 52:13 and Isaiah 53:11; Zechariah 3:8).

Both David and Jesus were born descendants of Abraham.

Both David and Jesus were born into the tribe of Judah.

David was born in Bethlehem Ephrathah (Ruth 2:4; 4:11; 1 Samuel 16:4; 17:12, 15; 2 Samuel 23:15) and also Jesus (Micah 5:2; Matthew 2:1; Luke 2:4, 8-20).

Micah 5:02 But thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, [though] thou be little among the thousands of Judah, [yet] out of thee shall HE [Jesus] come forth unto ME [God] [that is] to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth [have been] FROM OF OLD, FROM EVERLASTING. [Matthew 2:5-6, John 7:42] [Note: FROM OF OLD, FROM EVERLASTING – but it DOES NOT SAY THROUGH ALL ETERNITY. The Spirit of Prophecy speaks of a future period of time THROUGH ALL ETERNITY.]

Ephrath or Ephrathah refers to the ancient name for Bethlehem, a town located in the hill country of Judea in Israel.

Like David, a significant waiting period intervened between Christ’s initial anointing and His official inauguration as king over God’s people (see 1 Samuel 16). Just as David had to patiently await the death of Saul, even at risk to his own life, so Christ — though He was already the rightful Heir of the throne — was born under the dominion of the law (Galatians 4:4) and was only to receive His kingdom from the Father (Daniel 7:13-14) after His work was finished, in the fullness of time.

Galatians 4:04 But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth His Son, made of a woman, made under the Law, [Isaiah 42:21; Matthew 5:17; Romans 3:31, 8:04, 10:04; Galatians 4:05]

Daniel 7:13 I saw in the night visions, and, behold, [one] like the Son of man [“the human being”] came with the clouds of heaven, [and came to the Ancient of days, and they [the clouds of heaven] brought him near before him.

Daniel 7:14 And there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all people, nations, and languages, should serve him: his dominion [is] an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom [that] which shall not be destroyed.

David, whose kingship was expressly ordained and designed by God as a shadow of the better things to come, didn’t pry the throne from Saul’s hands. He didn’t draw attention to himself or assume the royal mantle on his own authority. In like manner, Christ patiently waited — enduring the death of the cross — before the Father, by sheer divine prerogative, turned the kingdom over to Him.

David fed his father’s sheep in Bethlehem.

Jesus was born in Bethlehem.

Luke 2:08 And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night.

Luke 2:09 And, lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid.

Luke 2:10 And the angel said unto them, Fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people.

Luke 2:11 For unto you is born this day in the CITY of DAVID a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord.

God revealed to shepherds where His son would be born. God loves speaking to shepherds!

John 7:42 Hath not the scripture said, That Christ cometh of the seed of David, and out of the town of Bethlehem, where David was? [Micah 5:02, Matthew 2:05-06]

David was chosen over seven brothers (1 Samuel 16:10-13; 1 Chronicles 28:4).

Jesus was chosen over at least four brothers (Matthew 13:55).

David was anointed king after offering sacrifice (1 Samuel 16). Likewise, the prophecies represent the Messiah’s exaltation to His kingdom, after He had by His sufferings offered up a sacrifice to atone for the sins of men. David says of himself:

1 Chronicles 28:04 Howbeit the LORD God of Israel chose me [David] before all the house of my father to be king over Israel for ever: for he hath chosen Judah [to be] the ruler; and of the house of Judah, the house of my father; and among the sons of my father he liked me to make [me] king over all Israel:

And God says to David:

2 Samuel 7:16 And thine house and thy kingdom shall be established for ever before thee: thy throne shall be established for ever.

Jesus was scorned and rejected by His brothers; as was David (John 1:11; Isaiah 53:3).

Both David and Jesus were mocked by their own brothers – David right before he slew Goliath and Jesus right before He went to Jerusalem.

David’s oldest brother Eliab made fun of him before he killed Goliath (1 Samuel 17:28).

Jesus’ brothers mocked Him before He rose from the dead (John 17:3-5).

David’s brothers later joined him (1 Samuel 22:1).

Jesus’ brothers believed in Him after His resurrection and were known in the early church (Acts 1:14; I Corinthians 9:5; 15:7; Galatians 1:19).

David had many enemies – foreign, domestic, and family (Psalms 3:1-2; 6:7; 7:6; 25:2,19).

Jesus had many enemies – foreign (Rome), domestic (Jews), and family (brothers), and even church (Luke 19:14,27; 23:11-12; John 6:70; 15:18,25; Philippians 3:18-19).

Both David and Jesus defeated their enemies:

David the nations; Jesus Christ sin and death.

Both David and Jesus had good parents and other siblings.

David was an obedient son in his youth to Jesse (1 Samuel 17:17-20).

Jesus was an obedient son in His youth to His parents (Luke 2:51).

Both David and Jesus had a good reputation for being divinely gifted as children.

David was about God’s business as a youth, he faced Goliath before his teens (1 Samuel 17:33,42).

Jesus was about God’s business as a 12-year-old child (Luke 2:41-51).

David humbly submitted to ordination without presumption or pride as a shepherd boy (1 Samuel 16:13; 17:15,58).

Jesus humbly submitted to baptism (comparable to ordination), by His cousin John the Baptist (Matthew 3:14-15).

David was ordained by a man with a miracle birth – Samuel (1 Samuel 1:2,20).

Jesus was ordained by a man with a miracle birth – John the Baptist (Luke 1:7,36).

Psalm 89:20 I have found David my servant; with my holy oil have I anointed him:

Psalm 89:21 With whom my hand shall be established: mine arm also shall strengthen him.

Psalm 89:22 The enemy shall not exact upon him; nor the son of wickedness afflict him.

Psalm 89:23 And I will beat down his foes before his face, and plague them that hate him.

Psalm 89:24 But my faithfulness and my mercy [shall be] with him: and in my name shall his horn be exalted.

And many other places.

David’s name means beloved.

God declared from heaven that Jesus was His beloved Son:

Matthew 3:17 And lo a VOICE from heaven, saying, This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. [Note: Here we see all the heavenly trio in action: God the Father [via His voice], His Only Beloved Son [in person for baptism] and the presence of His Holy Spirit. [The Talmud compares the Spirit of God to a dove that hovers over the face of the waters.] [This heavenly trio is NOT in the trinity format.] [Matthew 17:05; 2 Peter 1:17]

Jesus is called God’s beloved.

Mark 1:11 And there came a voice from heaven, [saying], Thou art MY beloved SON, in whom I am well pleased. [The voice of God confirmed Jesus as His Son in a singular context – no plural God.]

David was a mediator to stand between God and the people, both to keep off judgments and the punishment of sin, and also to procure God’s favour towards them. David stood between God and the people of Jerusalem when he saw the sword of justice drawn against it to destroy it. David as mediator saved the people of Jerusalem from destruction by offering himself to suffer and die by the sword of the destroying angel and by building an altar and offering sacrifice (2 Samuel 24:17–25).

Likewise, the Messiah is spoken of as the Mediator, being Himself peculiarly God’s elect and beloved, is given for a covenant of the people (Isaiah 42:6 and Isaiah 49:8) and in the sacrifice of Himself for our sins.

David by occupation was a shepherd, and afterwards was made a shepherd to God’s Israel.

Psalm 78:70 He chose David also his servant, and took him from the sheepfolds:

Psalm 78:71 From following the ewes great with young he brought him to feed Jacob his people, and Israel his inheritance.

This agrees with many prophecies of the Messiah, who is often spoken of in them as the shepherd of God’s people, and therein is expressly compared to David.

Isaiah 40:09 ¶ O ZION, that bringest good tidings, get thee up into the high mountain; O JERUSALEM, that bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice with strength; lift [it] up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold your God!

Isaiah 40:10 Behold, the Lord GOD will come with strong [hand], and his arm shall rule for him: behold, his reward [is] with him, and his work before him.

Isaiah 40:11 He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry [them] in his bosom, [and] shall gently lead those that are with young.

Jeremiah 23:04 And I will set up shepherds over them which shall feed them: and they shall fear no more, nor be dismayed, neither shall they be lacking, saith the LORD.

Jeremiah 23:05 ¶ Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, and a King shall reign and prosper, and shall execute judgment and justice in the earth.

Ezekiel 34:23 And I will set up one Shepherd over them, and He shall feed them, [even] My servant David [a term for God’s Son Jesus] ; He shall feed them, and He shall be their Shepherd.

Ezekiel 34:24 And I the LORD will be their God, and My servant David [a term for God’s Son Jesus] a Prince among them; I the LORD have spoken [it].

Song of Solomon 1:07 Tell me, O thou whom my soul loveth, where thou feedest, where thou makest [thy flock] to rest at noon: for why should I be as one that turneth aside by the flocks of thy companions?

Both David and Jesus were 30 when they started their public life.

David became king when he turned 30 (2 Samuel 5:4).

2 Samuel 5:04 ¶ David [was] thirty years old when he began to reign, [and] he reigned forty years.

2 Samuel 5:05 In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months: and in JERUSALEM he reigned thirty and three years over all Israel and Judah.

Jesus began His ministry when He turned 30 (Luke 3:23).

Luke 3:23 And JESUS himself began to be ABOUT THIRTY YEARS OF AGE, being (as was supposed) the son of JOSEPH, which was [the son] of Heli, [Life begins at conception.]

The Jewish people referred to Jesus as the “Son of David” multiple times during His ministry (Matthew 9:27; 12:33; 20:31; 21:9).

David was made king over the strong city Hebron, that had been taken from the Anakims, the gigantic enemies of God’s people.

This agrees with the prophecies of the Messiah’s conquering the strong city, and bringing low the lofty city, conquering the devil and taking possession of the mightiest and strongest kingdoms of this world.

Though David’s people received him as king at the age of 30 in Hebron, he began to rule from Hebron for seven years over just the Jewish people.

1 Kings 2:10 So David slept with his fathers, and was buried in the CITY of DAVID.

1 Kings 2:11 And the days that David reigned over Israel [were] forty years: seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three years reigned he in JERUSALEM.

2 Samuel 2:11 And the time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months.

Though David’s people received him as king it took seven years of war and tribulation before the other tribes accepted him.

After the death of Jesus and then the stoning of Stephen [Acts 7:54-60], the Gentiles readily accepted Jesus as their Messiah.

It will ultimately take a time of tribulation [NOT seven years as secular churches believe] known as the time of Jacob’s trouble; Jacob being Israel’s trouble.

This tribulation period is specifically to bring the Jews / God’s people back to their Messiah – to bring true Israel to believe in Him.

Both David and Jesus described themselves as shepherds (Psalm 23; John 10)

Both David and Jesus were assigned the duties of a shepherd:

David, as shepherd of his father’s flock – Jesus, as the Great Shepherd of His Father’s flock of His redeemed people.

David was a shepherd in the field (1 Samuel 16:11; 17:34).

Jesus was the “Good Shepherd” who came to lay down His life for His sheep [John 10:11-16].

David’s occupation was that of a shepherd; he looked after and fed sheep in Bethlehem, his hometown.

David knew first-hand the duty of a shepherd; he faced the lion and the bear to protect his father’s sheep.

He reasoned that God was his protector.

Just as David had placed his life between the beast and the sheep, Jesus Christ placed His life between Satan and every Christian believer.

Jesus will Himself also deal with the anti-Christ and Satan.

Consider the occupation of Jesus as Chief Shepherd:

1 Peter 5:04 And when the chief Shepherd shall appear, ye shall receive a crown of glory that fadeth not away.

Many years after David, another (Chief) Shepherd would be born in Bethlehem and emerge as the greatest King!

Luke 2:11 For unto you is born this day in the CITY of DAVID a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord.

The “good shepherd” lays down his life for the sheep (John 10).

The Lord Jesus faced another “serpent” who was defying His God for 40 days (Luke 4:1-13).

Just as Goliath defied the children of Israel, Satan was defying the Father in Jesus for the souls of mankind.

Genesis 47:03 And Pharaoh said unto his brethren, What [is] your occupation? And they said unto Pharaoh, Thy servants [are] shepherds, both we, [and] also our fathers.

Joseph had previously instructed his brothers: “When Pharaoh questions you about your occupation, tell him you are shepherds.” Satan will always tempt you to try to add to your curriculum vitae [CV]. An explanation:

Saul said to David, “take my armour, add this to your CV”, but David makes a powerful statement. “Oh king, I haven’t proved these”. All that is on David’s CV is “Shepherd Boy” and that is all he needed to bring down Goliath.

Micah 5:05 And this [man] shall be the peace, when the Assyrian shall come into our land: and when he shall tread in our palaces, then shall we raise against him seven shepherds, and eight principal men. [The “man” is a reference to the promised Messiah, who will be the source of peace for God’s people. The Assyrians represent any powerful pagan empire or nation that attacks and oppresses God’s people. “Seven shepherds, and eight principal men” These numbers represent a sufficient and abundant force of leaders and commanders that God will raise up to defend His people. Seven is a number of perfection, and eight signifies abundance or a surplus,]

David was a type of Christ, chosen by God to save Israel, in distress under his own circumstances.

Christ implied in His words, while on the cross, in His sufferings, that He was the Saviour of spiritual Israel.

62 chapters in the Bible mention David; for instance:

> 2 Samuel 1-10 tells of David’s Triumphs.

> 2 Samuel 11 tells of David’s Tragedy.

> 2 Samuel 12-24 tells of David Troubles.

2. Jesus had His own share of triumphs and tragedies, as well as those that He faced on the cross.

In both David and Jesus our kings:

> We see The Coming King.

> We see The Crucified King.

> We see a Crowned King.

> We see the Conquering King

WE SEE THE COMING KING

Both David and Jesus were publicly exalted by holy men – David by the prophet Samuel who anointed David very early on in life [David was 12 years of age] and John the Baptist who “anointed” Jesus when he was even within the womb [after 6 months of the 9 months of Elizabeth’s pregnancy] and he publicly exalted Jesus in the very same manner.

The Holy Spirit would be involved immediately after these men acknowledged the greatness of David and Jesus.

David had been anointed King of Israel in 1 Samuel 16:13.

1 Samuel 16:13 Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the midst of his brethren: and the spirit of the LORD came upon David from that day forward. So Samuel rose up, and went to Ramah.

> But until Saul died, he could not be appointed as the official king.

> During those intervening years, Saul hunted David and tried to kill him.

> David was a coming King, waiting for his time to become King.

Jesus was also the Coming King.

> Matthew 2:2 – “Where is He that is born King of the Jews?”

> Later when he rode upon a donkey down the streets of Jerusalem, the cry of the prophet Zechariah was being fulfilled: “Behold, thy King cometh unto thee, meek, and sitting upon an ass . . .” Matthew 21:5 (Zechariah 9:9)

Matthew 21:05 Tell ye the daughter of Sion, Behold, thy King cometh unto thee, meek, and sitting upon an ass, and a colt the foal of an ass. [Zechariah 9:09; John 12:14-15]

Zechariah 9:09 ¶ Rejoice greatly, O daughter of ZION; shout, O daughter of JERUSALEM: behold, thy King cometh unto thee: he [is] just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass. [Matthew 21:05; John 12:14-15]

> Israel’s King had indeed arrived . . . But would they receive Him or reject Him?

WE SEE THE CRUCIFIED KING

David was not literally crucified as was Christ, but he did indeed have many problems.

Proverbial term: “They crucified him,” meaning they really gave him a severe beating.

David had many troubles:

> With himself – Adultery with Bathsheba. 2 Samuel 11

> With his family – Ammon’s immorality . . . Absalom’s murder of Ammon and later his own rebellion, etc.

> With his nation – Sheba’s revolt. 2 Samuel 19-20

Consider the way he was treated (mistreated) during the rebellion of Absalom. (2 Samuel 15-17)

> He was forced to flee Jerusalem for His own safety.

> As he was leaving he was cursed by Shimei. (Shim-eh-igh)

> In that proverbial sense, David was being crucified by his own people.

Jesus Christ endured literal crucifixion by the Roman authorities.

> John 1:11 He came unto His own, and His own received Him not.

> Even His own disciples forsook him in His time of need.

Judas betrayed Him and Peter denied Him three times.

The He was taken before Anna, then Caiphas, then the Sandhedrin, then to Pilate, then to Herod, and finally back Pilate.

Finally the Jews shouted “Crucify Him, crucify Him.” – John 19:6

John 19:19 ¶ And Pilate wrote a title, and put [it] on the cross. And the writing was, JESUS OF NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS.

Jesus was beaten, bruised, bled, and crucified for our sins.

WE SEE THE CROWNED KING

After the death of Saul, David was finally crowned King by his people.

All Israel crowned David king in Jerusalem.

Christ came into Jerusalem, riding on a donkey and heralded as a king. (Matthew 21:4-9).

1. David was Anointed King three times:

> 1st time, when 12 years old – 1028 BC – Bethlehem – 1 Samuel 16:1-13

> 2nd time, when 30 years old – 1010 BC – Hebron – 2 Samuel 2:1-7

reigned over Judah for 7 years from Hebron while Isbosheth reigned as King of Israel.

> 3rd time, when 37 years old – 1003 BC – Hebron – reigned over all twelve tribes as King of Israel for the next 33 years.

Note: Combine the 2nd and 3rd anointings and David reigned for a total of 40 years, from age 30 until his death, aged 70.

After many years of waiting and wondering, there was a great rejoicing when David was crowned King over all of Israel.

Compare Jesus Christ being crowned King.

1. The crowds at one point decided to make Him their King:

> John 6:15 ¶ When Jesus therefore perceived that they would come and take him by force, to make him a king, he departed again into a mountain himself alone.

a. It was not the time for Him to be a King.

b. A mob was not the type of subjects He would rule.

c. An earthly kingdom was not the kind of kingdom He was to rule.

d. Not the hands of men but rather the power of God would make Him King at the right time . . . the right place . . . and over the right kind of subjects.

e. God’s way and God’s time = God’s will.

2. In the closing hours of His earthly life:

a. Before His death, the Roman soldiers dressed Jesus up as a King in mockery and gave Him a crown of Judean thorns.

b. But when Jesus returned to Heaven, He was truly crowned as our glorious King. Acts 2:32-36

c. “King of Kings, Lord of Lords.” Revelation 19:16; 1 Timothy 6:15

d. When Jesus had purged our sins, He sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on High. Hebrews 1:3

WE SEE THE CONQUERING KING

David enjoyed many great victories as King of Israel.

a. In the first ten chapters of 2 Samuel some eleven great military victories are recorded.

b. His empire was growing, the nation was both prosperous and powerful.

c. Rejection and rebellion could not keep him off of His throne for long.

The Book of Revelation pictures Jesus as a conquering King.

1. What did He conquer?

a. He conquered the flesh.

b. He conquered sin.

c. He conquered death and the grave.

d. He conquered Satan and his demons for all time.

e. He has conquered me . . .and He has conquered you.

2 Thessalonians 1:07 And to you who are troubled rest with us, when the Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with his mighty angels,

2 Thessalonians 1:08 In flaming fire taking vengeance on them that know not God, and that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ:

2 Thessalonians 1:09 Who shall be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power;

John 5:21 For as the Father raiseth up the dead, and quickeneth [them]; even so the Son quickeneth whom he will.

John 5:22 For the Father judgeth no man, but hath committed all judgment unto the Son: [The Holy Spirit of God is NOT a judge.]

John 5:23 That all [men] should honour the Son, even as they honour the Father. He that honoureth not the Son honoureth not the Father which hath sent him. [The Holy Spirit of God is NOT honoured.]

2. He will return to judge the world (John 5:22) and to cast the Devil and his angels into the eternal lake of fire (Revelation 20). That is some conquering !

David lived on Earth and reigned over the 12 tribes of Israel as King of Israel for 33 years.

Jesus lived on Earth for 33 years and will reign over the “twelve tribes of the children of Israel” (Revelation 21:12) as King of kings forever.

David is the leader who brings the presence of God to his people.

2 Samuel 6:12 ¶ And it was told king David, saying, The LORD hath blessed the house of Obededom, and all that [pertaineth] unto him, because of the ARK of GOD. So David went and brought up the ARK of GOD from the house of Obededom into the CITY of DAVID with gladness.

2 Samuel 6:13 And it was [so], that when they that bare the ARK of the LORD had gone six paces, he sacrificed oxen and fatlings.

2 Samuel 6:14 And David danced before the LORD with all [his] might; and David [was] girded with a linen ephod.

2 Samuel 6:15 So David and all the house of Israel brought up the ARK of the LORD with shouting, and with the sound of the trumpet.

2 Samuel 6:16 And as the ARK of the LORD came into the CITY of DAVID, Michal Saul’s daughter looked through a window, and saw king David leaping and dancing before the LORD; and she despised him in her heart.

The ark, the vessel containing some of the covenant documents, functioned as the very seat of God’s manifest presence under the old covenant. It is no small thing that David received the high honour of being the ruler who, by divine providence, was able to usher this object back into the land. The priestly nature of this feat is signified by David’s possession of the ephod.

Jesus is the Leader who brings the presence of God to His people.

Christ is the perfect priest-king who brings back God’s presence to His people permanently. He Himself is the vessel containing a new and better covenant, written not in stone but on human hearts (Jeremiah 31:33, 2 Corinthians 3:3). We who live under Christ’s rule can rejoice in knowing that God’s presence resides in our very midst — indeed, in our very hearts.

Jeremiah 31:33 But this [shall be] the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the LORD, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people.

2 Corinthians 3:03 [Forasmuch as ye are] manifestly declared to be the epistle of Christ ministered by us, written not with ink, but with the Spirit of THE LIVING GOD; not in TABLES of stone, but in fleshly TABLES of the heart.

2 Samuel 7:01: ¶ And it came to pass, when the king sat in his house, and the LORD had given him rest round about from all his enemies;

2 Samuel 7:02 That the king said unto Nathan the prophet, See now, I dwell in an house of cedar, but the ARK of GOD dwelleth within CURTAINS.

2 Samuel 7:03 And Nathan said to the king, Go, do all that [is] in thine heart; for the LORD [is] with thee.

2 Samuel 7:04 ¶ And it came to pass that night, that the Word of the LORD came unto Nathan, saying,

2 Samuel 7:05 Go and tell my servant David, Thus saith the LORD, Shalt thou build me an house for me to dwell in?

2 Samuel 7:06 Whereas I have not dwelt in [any] house since the time that I brought up the children of Israel out of Egypt, even to this day, but have walked in a tent and in a TABERNACLE.

2 Samuel 7:11c . . . . . . . Also the LORD telleth thee that he will make thee an house.

2 Samuel 7:12 ¶ And when thy days be fulfilled, and thou shalt sleep with thy fathers, I will set up THY seed after thee, which shall proceed out of thy bowels, and I will establish his kingdom.

2 Samuel 7:13 He shall build an house for my name, and I will stablish the throne of his kingdom for ever.

2 Samuel 7:16 And thine house and thy kingdom shall be established for ever before thee: thy throne shall be established for ever.

In response to David’s desire to build Him a house, or temple, God makes two incredible statements:

First, he would NOT build the house, but his son would. This is immediately fulfilled in Solomon.

Second, God REVERSES THE DISCUSSION and says He will build David a “house” — a dynasty! And as the Old Testament documents reveal, this exact thing happened.

Yet in Christ, these two “houses” converge. Whereas Solomon built a temple of brick and mortar (which was destroyed and, when rebuild, never matched its original glory), Jesus is the better temple (John 2:19). His very body, crucified and risen, is the one meeting house where we can encounter God by faith.

John 2:19 Jesus answered and said unto them, Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up.

And as for the “house” of David, the ultimate, chosen offspring from his royal line was none other than Christ. David had wanted to build the Lord a physical temple, but from his own loins came the true temple of God-incarnate. And in the church, which is Christ’s body, the tent of David is being rebuilt (Acts 15:16-17).

Acts 15:16 After this I will return, and will build again the TABERNACLE of David, which is fallen down; and I will build again the ruins thereof, and I will set it up:

Acts 15:17 That the residue of men might seek after the Lord, and all the Gentiles, upon whom my name is called, saith the Lord, who doeth all these things.

The point? When Jesus exegeted the Old Testament, He “interpreted to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself” (Luke 24:27b). Let us do likewise and stand in awe at the many portraits of Him we’ll find.

Luke 24:27 And beginning at Moses and all the Prophets, he expounded unto them in all the scriptures the things concerning himself.

David danced in front of the Ark; the unborn John the Baptist leaped for joy at the sound of Mary’s voice.

Both David and Mary stayed away for 3 months (the Ark in the house of Obed-edom, Mary at the house of Elizabeth).

David was in the wilderness before his reign with a lion and bear and also running from Saul (1 Samuel 17:34-37; 23:14-15; etc.).

Jesus was in the wilderness before His ministry, tempted and tried by the devil, called a roaring lion (Matthew 4:1; Luke 4:1).

Both experienced confrontation whilst in the wilderness:

David by a lion and a bear – Jesus by Satan’s temptations and lies.

David overcame a lion while in the wilderness. Jesus overcame Satan while in the wilderness. Also Satan is known as the roaring lion that goeth about seeking whom he may devour.

1 Peter 5:08 Be sober, be vigilant; because your ADVERSARY the DEVIL, as a ROARING LION, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour:

1 Samuel 17:16 And the Philistine drew near morning and evening, and presented himself FORTY DAYS.

Matthew 4:01: ¶ Then was Jesus led up of the Spirt into the WILDERNESS to be tempted of the devil.

Matthew 4:02 And when he had fasted FORTY DAYS AND FORTY NIGHTS, he was afterward an hungered. [Exodus 34:28; Deuteronomy 9:09; Deuteronomy 9:18; 1 Kings 19:08; Matthew 4:02; Luke 4:02]

Goliath taunted Israel for 40 days; Jesus was in the wilderness for 40 days – taunted by Satan.

Goliath was challenging David for the souls of Israel; while Satan was challenging Jesus for the souls of mankind.

Goliath had been screaming for 40 days and nights.

Satan had been screaming for 4000 years, “Send me a man”.

Jessie looks for someone to send:

1 Samuel 17:17 And Jesse said unto David his son, Take now for thy brethren an ephah of this parched [corn], and these ten loaves, and run to the camp to thy brethren;

God looks for someone to send:

Isaiah 6:08 Also I heard the voice of the Lord, saying, Whom shall I send, and who will go for us? Then said I, Here [am] I; send me. [Isaiah 6:8 is a powerful declaration of commitment and willingness to serve God. In the verse, God asks, “Whom shall I send, and who will go for us?” and the prophet Isaiah responds, “Here am I, send me”. This verse is significant because it marks Isaiah’s acceptance of God’s call to be a prophet, demonstrating his willingness to be sent on a mission to speak God’s Word to the people.]

Israel was glad when David came. God’s people were glad when Jesus came.

Both David and Jesus loved God:

David, though a sinful man, served and honoured the God of Israel.

Jesus, the perfect and sinless man, served and honoured His heavenly Father – the God of the whole world.

Both David and Jesus loved their People:

David, whose reign over Israel established him as that nation’s most loyal and faithful king.

Jesus, who reigns eternally in heaven laid down His own life for His people and is still reaching out to all people.

David was a man after God’s heart (1 Samuel 13:14; Acts 13:22).

Jesus always did the will of the Father (John 6:38; 8:29).

God promised David a dynasty (1 Chronicles 17:1-15).

Jesus established an everlasting kingdom (2 Peter 1:11).

Both David and Jesus were King of Israel.

David, the second and greatest of all the kings of Israel – Jesus, crowned the King of Kings and Lord of Lords.

David was anointed as king (1 Samuel 16:13) and Jesus was “King of Kings and Lord of Lords” (Revelation 19:16).

The local Jews, hoping for a Messiah like King David, got a different kind of Messiah (annointed one) in Jesus.

David was not only a king, but a great prophet (2 Samuel 23:2), and also was a priest. He officiated as such on occasion of the bringing up of the ark (2 Samuel 6:13–14, 2 Samuel 6:17–18; 1 Chronicles 15:27). Again, he officiated as such (1 Chronicles 16:21–36), and in some respects he officiated as chief in all sacerdotal matters, ordering all things in the house of God, directing and ordering the priests in things relating to their function and disposing them into courses, etc..

Likewise, the prophecies abundantly represent the Messiah as Prophet, Priest and King.

David’s kingdom was ruled from Jerusalem (2 Samuel 5:6-10).

Jesus’ kingdom was established in Jerusalem (Acts 2:5, 41, 47).

Absalom betrays his father and attempts to take David’s throne.

Satan uses Judas Iscariot to betray Jesus, and then he attempts to remove Christ’s kingdom destiny by influencing others to crucify Him.

The event of David and Goliath is the event of the battle between good and evil.

Goliath is the abomination, who profanes the name of God, while David, the saint of God, defends God’s honour.

Both David and Goliath are zealous to the extreme, that is, unto death.

Goliath’s zeal to profane the name of God is just as great as David’s zeal to defend the God of Israel.

As with all battles between good and evil, this battle is unto death.

Either you destroy the evil or it will destroy you.

This theme appears repeatedly in Scripture.

David is one of the greatest typologies of Christ.

The event of David is about a shepherd boy, despised by his brethren who is trying to save Israel at a time of dire physical suffering and spiritual apostasy.

These circumstances alone should make us search for deeper meanings in the events of David and Goliath and Jesus and Satan.

Goliath represented the seed of the serpent (i.e. the biblical devil).

1 Samuel 17:23 And as he talked with them, behold, there came up the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name, out of the armies of the Philistines, and spake according to the same words: and David heard [them].

1 Samuel 17:24 And all the men of Israel, when they saw the man, fled from him, and were sore afraid.

1 Samuel 17:25 And the men of Israel said, Have ye seen this man that is come up? surely to defy Israel is he come up: and it shall be, [that] the man who killeth him, the king will enrich him with great riches, and will give him his daughter, and make his father’s house free in Israel.

Goliath needed a man to fight him.

The men of Israel cowered in fear, wishing they could have the necessary strength and courage, but they helplessly looked to one another as the invincible giant made his boasts.

How to overcome Goliath, and the evil intent of the man against God’s people, was all the soldiers spoke about.

“Have ye seen this man that is come up? surely to defy Israel is he come up”.

They also discussed the reward being offered.

“it shall be, [that] the man who killeth him, the king will enrich him with great riches, and will give him his daughter, and make his father’s house free in Israel” – and “give him his daughter”.

But “all the men of Israel, when they saw the man, fled from him, and were sore afraid.”

David arrives on the battlefront as a servant and brings bread to Israel’s army.

1 Samuel 17:17 And Jesse said unto David his son, Take now for thy brethren an ephah of this parched [corn], and these ten loaves, and run (note the word “run”) to the camp to thy brethren;

Jesus also arrives on earth’s battlefront as a servant and brings the Bread of Life to the entire world.

Philippians 2:07 But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men:

Always approach spiritual warfare or any battle you are going through with a servant’s heart.

Never approach spiritual warfare with a rebellious attitude or a proud spirit.

David approached and challenged Goliath with a sling, a shepherd’s staff, a shepherd’s bag, and a shepherd’s heart.

Listen to what he says to King Saul:

1 Samuel 17:32 ¶ And David said to Saul, Let no man’s heart fail because of him; thy servant will go and fight with this Philistine.

Saul listened to Goliath defy his God 80 times.

On the other hand, David could only stand to hear Goliath’s defiance once, because he was so zealous of God’s name.

Are we zealous for the Lord, or are we cowards like Saul?

Revelation 5:03 And no man in heaven, nor in earth, neither under the earth, was able to open the book, neither to look thereon.

Revelation 5:04 And I wept much, because no man was found worthy to open and to read the book, neither to look thereon.

Revelation 5:05 And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the LION OF THE TRIBE OF JUDA, the ROOT OF DAVID, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof.

There seems to be a similarity here with men and angels weeping because no man was found worthy to open and read the Book of Life until our Lord prevailed on the cross.

David was raised up by God to defy and kill Goliath.

It suggests ‘Aceldama’, the “field of blood”.

Jesus, likewise, was raised up to destroy the works of the devil.

1 John 3:08 He that committeth sin is of the devil; for the devil sinneth from the beginning. For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that he might destroy the works of the devil.

1 Samuel 17:08 And he stood and cried unto the armies of Israel, and said unto them, Why are ye come out to set [your] battle in array? [am] not I a Philistine, and ye servants to Saul? choose you a man for you, and let him come down to me.

1 Samuel 17:09 If he be able to fight with me, and to kill me, then will we be your servants: but if I prevail against him, and kill him, then shall ye be our servants, and serve us.

Goliath proposed that an Israelite champion come out and fight as a representative of the entire army.

This is an important point because we know that Jesus Christ’s victory was done representatively (not sub-stitutionally) on behalf of all God’s sons and daughters.

The nation that lost the battle would voluntarily become servants of the other.

In other words, submission to the Philistines would have been a voluntary submission to the power of sin.

Some etymologists believe “Philistine” means “one who rolls in the dust”, i.e., a serpent.

Significantly, Goliath is described several times as “the Philistine”.

6 = Man (conscience, flesh) – His Weakness – Manifestation of Sin – Evil – Satan (and his influences) – Something Incomplete or Imperfect

The number six (6), being the number of the flesh, is significant in Goliath’s life because:

1. his height was six cubits and a span…

2. his spear’s head weighed six hundred shekels

3. and he had six pieces of armour

Thus 666;

Is it not possible that “the man of sin” in 2 Thessalonians 2:3 refers back to Goliath as his prototype?

2 Thessalonians 2:03 Let no man deceive you by any means: for [that day shall not come], except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition;

David was eventually betrayed by his son Absalom. Likewise Jesus was betrayed by his dear friend Judas Iscariot.

David’s betrayers hung themselves by God’s judgment (2 Samuel 17:23; 2 Samuel 18:9-15).

Jesus’ betrayer hung himself by God’s judgment (Matthew 27:3-5; Acts 1:16-20).

So both Absalom and Judas ended up dying while hanging from a tree.

They only enjoyed their price of the betrayals for so long – just a very short season.

Jesus entered the valley of death on behalf of the entire world and won a great victory.

David entered the valley of Elah on behalf of the entire nation of Israel and won a great victory.

1 Corinthians 15:54 So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory.

1 Corinthians 15:55 O death, where [is] thy sting? O grave, where [is] thy victory?

1 Corinthians 15:56 The sting of death [is] sin; and the strength of sin [is] the law.

1 Corinthians 15:57 But thanks [be] to God, which giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.

1 Samuel 17:02 And Saul and the men of Israel were gathered together, and pitched by the valley of Elah, and set the battle in array against the Philistines.

1 Samuel 17:03 And the Philistines stood on a mountain on the one side, and Israel stood on a mountain on the other side: and [there was] a valley between them.

There was a valley between Israel and Goliath; and there was a valley between us and God, but Jesus bridged the gap by defeating Satan, while David bridged the gap by defeating Goliath.

And the Bible implies that there is a gulf for those that do not accept Jesus Christ.

Our sins created this invisible valley between us and God.

Before Christ came and died for us there was a invisible valley between us and God.

But Jesus made peace between us and God.

And that word peace means He rejoins or reconciles us to God. If we refuse Jesus, then this separation becomes a gulf – and it becomes permanent if we die without Christ.

Luke 16:26 And beside all this, between us and you there is a great gulf fixed: so that they which would pass from hence to you cannot; neither can they pass to us, that [would come] from thence.

David ran four times in one chapter:

1 – 1 Samuel 17:17 – And run to the camp of thy brethren:

2 – 1 Samuel 17:22 – And ran into the army:

3 – 1 Samuel 17:48 – That David hasted, and ran toward the army to meet the Philistine.

4 – 1 Samuel 17:51 – Therefore, David ran and stood upon the Philistine.

There is a continued emphasis on David’s zeal to fight Goliath.

The four times that he runs speaks volumes of his attitude to get the job done, as is the Lord’s zeal to fight sin. “David ran (four times), and stood upon the Philistine, disarmed him, and slew him (Samuel 17:51). In the third running of David, it says, “he hasted and ran towards the army” – that speaks of double enthusiasm. Goliath represented the law and sin.

Jesus eagerly faces the cross to get the job done.

Look at this parallel portrayed at the last supper where Jesus addresses His disciples in Luke 22:15:

Luke 22:15 And he said unto them, With desire I have desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer:

(NKJV): With fervent desire I have desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer;

(NIV): And he said to them, I have eagerly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer.

Jesus told his disciples that he was excited about eating this specific Passover meal with them. He was so excited that He had already reserved a room for them, because this meal had special significance. This was the last meal before He was taken into custody, cruelly treated, and nailed to the cross. Jesus had planned and pre-arranged this place Himself.

As David ran eagerly towards Goliath;

So Christ ran eagerly towards the cross.

The Bible says that He set his face like flint towards Calvary.

Isaiah 50:07 ¶ For the Lord GOD will help me; therefore shall I not be confounded: therefore have I set my face like a flint, and I know that I shall not be ashamed.

Luke 9:51 ¶ And it came to pass, when the time was come that he should be received up, he stedfastly set his face to go to JERUSALEM,

As He was about to go to the cross, Jesus said:

John 14:01: ¶ Let not your heart be troubled: ye believe in God, believe also in Me.

Those words brought peace to His disciples’ hearts.

David was about to fight Goliath. His words brought peace to King Saul’s heart.

David refers to his testimony of delivering sheep out of the mouth of the lion and the bear. That is the CV of a Shepherd boy! Let no man’s heart fail him, thy servant!

1 Samuel 17:32 ¶ And David said to Saul, Let no man’s heart fail because of him; thy servant will go and fight with this Philistine.

David defeats Goliath, and Jesus defeats Satan.

Also worthy of note is that the battle took place in Judah.

1 Samuel 17:01: ¶ Now the Philistines gathered together their armies to battle, and were gathered together at Shochoh, which [belongeth] to Judah, and pitched between Shochoh and Azekah, in Ephesdammim.

David, who was about to fight Goliath, was also a Bethlehemite from Judah.

Revelation 5:05 And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the LION OF THE TRIBE OF JUDA, the ROOT OF DAVID, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof.

Here we see the greater David who is Jesus, (a Bethlehemite from Judah) who destroyed the works of Satan, worthy to loose the seven seals.

1 Samuel 17:04 ¶ And there went out a champion out of the camp of the Philistines, named Goliath, of Gath, whose height [was] six cubits and a span.

“Gath” most commonly refers to Gath (a city), one of the five ancient Philistine cities mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, where the giant Goliath originated. “Gath” can be an informal term for a casual gathering, or a winepress in its etymological sense.

The Bible says Goliath came from Gath (meaning wine press).

Jesus also faced His wine press in Gethsemane when His sweat became drops of blood for the souls of mankind.

Golgotha is from the Aramaic meaning “place of the skull”. It may well be the place near Jerusalem where David buried Goliath’s skull. The word, “ephes-dammim”, means “border of blood”.

Golgotha is the name of the hill in ancient Jerusalem where Jesus was crucified, also known as Calvary.

John 19:17 And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called [the place] of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha:

Some believe Golgotha may have originated from the phrase Goliath of Gath.

How befitting it would be for Christ’s crucifixion to have taken place over the very head of the ancient historical figure most symbolic of Satan, death and hell. This would place the crucifixion in the most literal sense to be the undeniable fulfilment of the Bible’s very first prophecy:

Genesis 3:15 And I [LORD God] will put enmity [deep-seated hostility, hatred, or animosity] between thee [the serpent, represented by Satan] and the woman [Eve, her descendants, all humanity], and between thy seed [all evil coming from Satan, his angels and his people] and her seed [humanity, the church and ultimately culminating in Jesus Christ]; it shall bruise thy head [the ultimate victory of the “seed of the woman” over Satan], and thou [Satan and his representatives] shalt bruise his heel [the suffering and death that the serpent (Satan) will inflict on the “seed of the woman” (Jesus)].

In essence, Messiah would bruise the serpent’s head, though the serpent would bruise His heel. This happened upon the cross, Satan had his head bruised – meaning a death blow was given to Satan.

By type, Goliath is the symbol embodied within man for that ancient serpent, Satan. David representing Jesus Christ who will ultimately destroy Satan.

David’s defeat of Goliath marked him as the true leader of Israel.

Jesus’s defeat of Satan marked Him as the true leader of the new Israel / Church.

David conquered and killed the giant Goliath, the enemy of God’s people (1 Samuel 17:45-51; 18:6).

Jesus conquered Satan (Colossians 2:15) and destroyed the works of the devil (Hebrews 2:14; I John 3:8).

Goliath’s death by a fatal wound in the head (1 Samuel17:49) can be compared to Revelation 13:3:

1 Samuel 17:49 And David put his hand in his bag, and took thence a stone, and slang [it], and smote the Philistine in his forehead, that the stone sunk into his forehead; and he fell upon his face to the earth.

Revelation 13:03 And I saw one of his heads as it were wounded to death; and his deadly wound was healed: and all the world WONDERED after the beast. [WONDERED – a sign which is seen.]

David’s outward appearance was not such as would have recommended him to the esteem and choice of men as a person fit for rule and victory, but on the contrary was such as tended to cause men to despise him as a candidate for such things.

1 Samuel 16:06 ¶ And it came to pass, when they were come, that he looked on Eliab, and said, Surely the LORD’S anointed [is] before him.

1 Samuel 16:07 But the LORD said unto Samuel, Look not on his countenance, or on the height of his stature; because I have refused him: for [the LORD seeth] not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart.

1 Samuel 17:42 And when the Philistine looked about, and saw David, he disdained him: for he was [but] a youth, and ruddy, and of a fair countenance.

1 Samuel 17:56 And the king said, Inquire thou whose son the stripling [is].

Eliab, the elder brother of David, thought him fitter to be with the sheep than to come to the army (1 Samuel 17:28); this agrees with Isaiah 53:2.

1 Samuel 17:28 ¶ And Eliab his eldest brother heard when he spake unto the men; and Eliab’s anger was kindled against David, and he said, Why camest thou down hither? and with whom hast thou left those few sheep in the WILDERNESS? I know thy pride, and the naughtiness of thine heart; for thou art come down that thou mightest see the battle.

Isaiah 53:02 For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, [there is] no beauty that we should desire him.

David appeared unexpectedly. Samuel expected a man of great stature, and appearing outwardly like a man of valour; and therefore when he saw Eliab, David’s elder brother, that had such an appearance, he said,

1 Samuel 16:06 ¶ And it came to pass, when they were come, that he [Samuel] looked on Eliab, and said, Surely the LORD’S anointed [is] before him.

His appearance was astonishing to Goliath and to Saul. They also represent the Messiah’s appearance as unexpected and astonishing.

Isaiah 52:14 As many were astonied at thee; his visage was so marred more than any man, and his form more than the sons of men:

But yet David was ruddy and of a fair countenance, and goodly to look to (1 Samuel 16:12 and 1 Samuel 17:42); this agrees with Psalm 45:2:

1 Samuel 16:12 And he sent, and brought him in. Now he [was] ruddy, [and] withal of a beautiful countenance, and goodly to look to. And the LORD said, Arise, anoint him: for this [is] he.

1 Samuel 17:42 And when the Philistine looked about, and saw David, he disdained him: for he was [but] a youth, and ruddy, and of a fair countenance.

Psalm 45:01: ¶ My heart is inditing a good matter: I speak of the things which I have made touching the king: my tongue [is] the pen of a ready writer.

Psalm 45:02 Thou art fairer than the children of men: grace is poured into thy lips: therefore God hath blessed thee for ever.

1 Samuel 17:40 And he [David] took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them in a shepherd’s bag which he had, even in a scrip; and his sling [was] in his hand: and he drew near to the Philistine [Goliath].

No human being could conquer Satan – only Jesus. No one in Israel could conquer Goliath – only David.

David was born to conquer Goliath. Jesus was born conquer Satan.

The Bible says in 1 John 3:8b:

1 John 3:08 He that committeth sin is of the devil; for the devil sinneth from the beginning. For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that he might destroy the works of the devil.

1 Peter 2:05 Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ.

1 Peter 2:06 Wherefore also it is contained in the scripture, Behold, I lay in Sion a chief corner stone, elect, precious: and he that believeth on him shall not be confounded. [a chief corner stone [singular] = Jesus]

David needed one stone. God needed one stone, (Jesus) elect, precious; and he that believeth on Him should not be confounded.

David needed one stone to kill Goliath.

God needed one stone; the Chief Corner Stone (Jesus) to destroy Satan and disarm him.

When David went down to the valley of Elah it was as if all Israel went with David. Their dreams, hopes, and aspirations went with David.

When Christ came to earth, all of heaven and earth’s hopes, dream and aspirations were on Him.

1 Corinthians 15:17 And if Christ be not raised, your faith [is] vain; ye are yet in your sins.

1 Corinthians 15:18 Then they also which are fallen asleep in Christ are perished.

1 Corinthians 15:19 If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are of all men most miserable.

The Bible implies that men would be most miserable if Jesus did not defeat Satan. And Israel too, was going to be most miserable if David did not defeat Goliath.

Jesus also uses five stones in this present day life.

He uses the five-fold ministry.

Ephesians 4:11 And he gave some, APOSTLES; and some, PROPHETS; and some, EVANGELISTS; and some, PASTORS and TEACHERS; [Described as the five-fold ministry]

Ephesians 4:12 FOR THE PERFECTING OF THE SAINTS, for the work of the MINISTRY, for the edifying of the body of Christ: [MINISTRY = MIN-IS-TRY = The act of serving.]

Ephesians 4:13 TILL we all come in the UNITY of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ:

Jesus continues to use the fivefold ministry to destroy the work of Satan on earth.

Both David and Jesus were victorious over their enemies with the victory being very easily won (2 Samuel 18:6-8 Revelation 19:11-21).

David used a rock to defeat Goliath, just as Jesus is called a Rock.

David carried a wooden staff, just as Christ carried the cross and is called The Branch.

Ephesians 6:17 And take the helmet of salvation, and the SWORD OF THE SPIRIT, which is the WORD of GOD:

David cut off Goliath’s head with a sword. The Word of God is called a sword.

Jesus also is the Word of God:

John 1:01: ¶ In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with [the] God, and the Word was God. [the] occurs in the the Greek Textus Receptus (otherwise known as the Received Text) of the New Testament. This is the koine Greek (or common Greek) from which the King James Version of the bible was translated. At John 1:1 there are two occurrences of the Greek noun the·os’ [god]. The first occurrence refers to Almighty God, with whom the Word was [“and the Word [lo’gos] was with God [a form of the·os’]”]. This first the·os’ is preceded by the word ton [the], a form of the Greek definite article that points to a distinct identity, in this case Almighty God [“and the Word was with [the] God”]. [The Assyrian word “Elohim” can be either singular or plural, But the Greek Septuagint used the word “THEOS” which is a singular word, not plural. All evidence is that THEOS is a single Being, ONE Spirit. NOT three. Theos is singular in this verse as well as in all verses which use the word “Theos”.] [Theos is singular. The plural is theoi.]

Here we see that the sword of the Lord Jesus is the Word of God. Also, by comparing Ephesians 6:17 above we see that Jesus equates to the [Holy] Spirit. Thus Scripture affirms that there is a God, that there is another person – Jesus – who at Pentecost, gave His own Spirit [given to Him by God]. Thus the Holy Spirit, although it is sometimes called a person, it is only an attribute of God; this was given [again as an attribute] by God the Father to His only begotten Son, Jesus Christ. In turn, Jesus since Pentecost has forfeited His Omnipresence by giving up His Holy Spirit to His followers so that they can each be with and fellowship with Jesus – Jesus now being in heaven with God, His Father. That means that Jesus will remain as a human person from Pentecost and for all of eternity – “And I saw a new heaven and a new earth; for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away.” [Revelation 21:1.] The fire that consumes the wicked purifies the earth. Every trace of the curse is swept away. No eternally burning hell will keep before the ransomed the fearful consequences of sin. One reminder alone remains: our Redeemer will ever bear the marks of his crucifixion. Upon his wounded head, his hands and feet, are the only traces of the cruel work that sin has wrought. {1884 4SP 489.2}
The above is very important to understand – it confirms that the trinity belief is a concocted pack of lies.

Returning to David hitting Goliath with a stone from the brook, some say that David’s sling was attached to his shepherd’s staff.

A staff sling, also known as a “shepherd’s sling” and by its Latin name, the fustibalus, is a powerful ancient weapon consisting of a long staff with a sling attached at one end. The sling has one cord tied to the staff and the other end with a loop designed to slide off a peg or hook on the staff, releasing a projectile. The long staff acts as a lever, significantly increasing the force and distance the projectile can be thrown compared to a hand-held sling.

However, Spirit of Prophecy confirms that David had a “simple sling” – the type of sling that readily comes to mind with most people:

Though Saul had given David permission to accept Goliath’s challenge, the king had small hope that David would be successful in his courageous undertaking. Command was given to clothe the youth in the king’s own armour. The heavy helmet of brass was put upon his head, and the coat of mail was placed upon his body; the monarch’s sword was at his side. Thus equipped, he started upon his errand, but erelong began to retrace his steps. The first thought in the minds of the anxious spectators was that David had decided not to risk his life in meeting an antagonist in so unequal an encounter. But this was far from the thought of the brave young man. When he returned to Saul he begged permission to lay aside the heavy armour., saying, “I cannot go with these; for I have not proved them.” He laid off the king’s armour., and in its stead took only his staff in his hand, with his shepherd’s scrip and a simple sling. Choosing five smooth stones out of the brook, he put them in his bag, and, with his sling in his hand, drew near to the Philistine. The giant strode boldly forward, expecting to meet the mightiest of the warriors of Israel. His armour-bearer walked before him, and he looked as if nothing could withstand him. As he came nearer to David he saw but a stripling, called a boy because of his youth. David’s countenance was ruddy with health, and his well-knit form, unprotected by armour., was displayed to advantage; yet between its youthful outline and the massive proportions of the Philistine, there was a marked contrast. {1890 PP 646.4}

Note: In David’s day, the sling was perfected by much practise so that the target was hit.

Judges 20:15 And the children of Benjamin were numbered at that time out of the cities twenty and six thousand men that drew sword, beside the inhabitants of Gibeah, which were numbered seven hundred chosen men.

Judges 20:16 Among all this people [there were] seven hundred chosen men lefthanded; every one could sling stones at an hair [breadth], and not miss.

“So David, the good shepherd of Bethlehem, when he went forth at the temptation to meet Satan—our ghostly Goliath—chose five stones out of the brook. He took the five Books of Moses out of the flowing stream of Judaism. He took what was solid out of what was fluid. He took what was permanent out of what was transitory. He took what was moral and perpetual out of what was ceremonial and temporary. He took stones out of a brook, and with one of these He overthrew Satan. All Christ’s answers to the tempter are moral precepts, taken from one Book of the Law (Deuteronomy), and He prefaced His replies with the same words, ‘It is written’; and with this sling and stone of Scripture He laid our ‘Goliath’ low, and He has taught us by His example how we may also vanquish the tempter.”

After defeating Goliath, David took a victory tour with a Giant’s head to Jerusalem – he actually carried the head of Goliath the Philistine to Jerusalem. (1 Samuel 17:54; 18:6)

After the resurrection of Jesus, He also took a type of tour showing the marks of His victory to all, just as He did to doubting Thomas.

Jesus took this victory tour with infallible proofs over death and its diabolical devil (Acts 1:3; 1 Corinthians 15:3-8; Matthew 16:18; Revelation 12:5-10).

David’s fame immediately grew after his victory.

Following His crucifixion and resurrection, the fame of Jesus also grew immensely especially after the 40 days.

Both David and Jesus would gain many followers including their own family members who once mocked them:

1 Samuel 22:01: ¶ David therefore departed thence, and escaped to the cave Adullam: and when his brethren and all his father’s house heard [it], they went down thither to him.

1 Samuel 22:02 And every one [that was] in distress, and every one that [was] in debt, and every one [that was] discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became a captain over them: and there were with him about four hundred men.

Both David and Jesus faced opposition no one else would possibly consider facing. David faced Goliath head on and Jesus faced Satan, death, hell, and the grave. The symbolism of Goliath amplifies their meaning.

Note how both King David and his son and successor King Solomon both symbolise and foreshadow the two major aspects of Christ’s First and Second Coming upon the earth; the first being 2,000 years ago and the second shortly to come.

David’s early life foreshadowed Christ’s first Earthly appearance – before he became king.

Jesus conquered death, hell and the grave for all His followers.

David became the conquering king; this foreshadows Christ’s return at the battle of Armageddon – defeating the Antichrist and Israel’s enemies.

So the First Coming of Jesus is foreshadowed before David became king and the Second Coming of Christ is foreshadowed in David after he became king and went about conquering – that is what Jesus is going to do at the battle of Armageddon.

All of this will then turn into that which was symbolised by Solomon’s reign of peace and prosperity which foreshadows the millennial reign of Christ.

The first part of Solomon’s Reign has to do with peace and prosperity; greater prosperity than any king that has ever lived until the time of Christ.

The name Solomon is Hebrew and primarily means “peaceful” or “peace”; derived from the Hebrew word shalom.

Solomon and Jesus both ruled, and Jesus will rule, from Jerusalem; God’s Holy city.

Isaiah 52:01: ¶ Awake, awake; put on thy strength, O ZION; put on thy beautiful garments, O JERUSALEM, the HOLY CITY: for henceforth there shall no more come into thee the uncircumcised and the unclean.

Revelation 21:02 And I John saw the HOLY CITY, NEW JERUSALEM, coming down FROM GOD OUT OF HEAVEN, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. [John saw the holy city, the NEW JERUSALEM, with its TWELVE GATES of pearl and TWELVE FOUNDATIONS of precious stones, coming down from God out of Heaven. The streets are of transparent gold, clear as crystal. Everyone who shall enter those gates and walk those streets will here have been changed and purified by the power of the truth; and the crown of immortal glory will adorn the brow of the overcomer. [ST, December 22, 1887 par. 3]]

As can be seen from the above verses, God [and Jesus] has chosen MOUNT MORIAH / ZION / JERUSALEM as His dwelling place, His holy city, and His seat of government. He remains very protective regarding this place. The intrusion of the heathen and ferrous country of Turkey, to adopt the same place as their governmental seat / TABERNACLE, He must prohibit. Many events took place on MOUNT MORIAH, including: According to Jewish tradition, the world was Created on MOUNT MORIAH, and the Foundation Stone (the Even-ha-Shetiyah), is there. Abraham and his son Isaac went to MOUNT MORIAH, and Abraham almost sacrificed Isaac as a BURNT OFFERING. An angel stopped Abraham and provided a ram to sacrifice instead. Genesis 22:02-14 Jacob had a dream of a ladder reaching from the ground to the sky, with angels going up and down it. Genesis 28:10-22 David purchased a threshing floor on MOUNT MORIAH, built an ALTAR, and sacrificed offerings on it. God sent down fire on the ALTAR to confirm his approval. 2 Samuel 24:18-25 David brought the ARK of the COVENANT into his city on MOUNT MORIAH. 2 Samuel 6:11-15 MOUNT MORIAH is where the Temple of Solomon was built – the Temple of the Lord. 2 Chronicles 3:1-2 Chronicles 5:01: All sacrifices were made at the temple. 2 Chronicles 7:04; etc. The Great Sacrifice of Christ – Jesus was crucified at Golgotha / Calvary, only 2 kilometres from MOUNT MORIAH. The message to God’s people is to watch, wait and pray that each one of us will be fully sanctified in Jesus by the time that we see the ANY movement of Turkey towards JERUSALEM. By that time our / everyone’s Probation will be almost ended and many will have no oil for their lamps. Psalm 77:13 THY WAY, O GOD, [IS] IN THE SANCTUARY: who [is so] great a God as [our] God?

David obtained his wife by exposing his life in battle with the Philistines and in destroying them.

Through the Messiah’s sufferings and death, His conflict with and victory over His enemies, and His redemption of His church, Jesus by these means, acquires the consequent joy of espousals with the church.

“Espousals with the church” refers to the profound, covenantal union between Christ and the Church, where the Church is depicted as the “bride of Christ” and Christ as her divine spouse.

David’s marriage with Abigail, the wife of a son of Belial, a virtuous woman and of a beautiful countenance, equates to innumerable prophecies that represent the church of the Messiah.

These prophecies speak of His spouse, who though redemption, acquire that happy and lasting state as opposed to remaining in a state of guilt, bondage to sin and eventual death.

David shed the blood of his enemies, Jesus shed His blood for His enemies (1 Chronicles 22:8; 28:3; Romans 5:8-9; Colossians 1:20; 1 Peter 1:18-19)

David was praised by the “church” [God focused people] for defeating their enemies (1 Samuel 18:6).

Jesus was praised by the church for redeeming it by His blood (Revelation 5:8-10; 12:10).

Ammon mocked David, so he humbled them (2 Samuel 10:1-14; 12:29-31).

Jesus triumphed over the devil openly (Colossians 2:15; Acts 19:15; Matthew 8:29; 16:18; Luke 4:8).

David had a house built for him by the king of Tyre that established him as king (2 Samuel 5:11-12).

Jesus was given gifts by the daughter of Tyre as the king of Israel (Psalm 45:12; Mark 3:8; 7:24; Isaiah 23:17-18).

David loved to sing in “church” [being with God’s people] and promoted it greatly (Psalms 33:3; 149:1; 1 Chronicles 15:16-22).

Jesus sang in church and promoted it (Hebrews 2:12; Psalm 22:22; Matthew 26:30; Ephesians 5:19).

David defeated all his enemies and sat down (2 Samuel 7:1; 22:1).

Jesus defeated His enemies and sat down (Hebrews 1:3; Acts 2:34-35).

Both David and Jesus were betrayed by a close friend (2 Samuel 15:31; Matthew 26:14-16)

Jesus was betrayed by a close friend – Judas, a disciple (Psalms 41:9; 109:3-5; John 13:18).

David was betrayed by a close friend – Absalom and / or Ahithophel, a King’s counsellor (1 Chronicles 27:33; 2 Samuel 15:12).

The followers of David were the base, foolish, and poor of the nation (1 Samuel 22:2).

The followers of Jesus are the base, foolish, and poor of the world (I Corinthians 1:26-29).

David, a Jew, attracted Gentiles to follow and serve him (2 Samuel 15:17-22).

Jesus, a Jew, attracted Gentiles to follow and serve Him (John 12:20-21; Romans 15:12).

Both David and Jesus suffered rejection:

David from the people of Israel whilst in the cave of Adullam, when under the King at that time, Saul.

Jesus, from many in Israel, including the religious leaders of the day, and still today from many as He prepares for His return to this world.

David served as both anti-type and archetype to Jesus. David was the anti-type to Jesus in the sense that David, gave into the corruption of sin in his fallen human nature. But David was also the archetype [a very typical example of a certain person] for Jesus, his ultimate messianic heir. Whereas David sinned, Jesus did not sin.

In the Bible, David’s life is a prominent example of both sin and repentance. While he committed adultery with Bathsheba and orchestrated the death of her husband, Uriah, he also demonstrated profound remorse and sought God’s forgiveness. After being confronted by the prophet Nathan, David did not deny his sin but rather acknowledged his wrongdoing and expressed deep remorse. His Psalms, particularly Psalm 51, are powerful expressions of his repentance and plea for mercy. David’s story highlights that while sin has consequences, God offers forgiveness and restoration to those who genuinely turn back to Him.

David acknowledged his sins and expressed deep remorse for his wrong-doings. See Psalm 51 and others.

Jesus acknowledged that His people had sinned and expressed His desire to die for their wrong-doings. See the Gospels and others.

The first interpretation of Psalm 22:1 is not as a generic human experience, but the specific experience of David prior to his enthronement. Jesus was invoking David’s journey of rejection before enthronement. His point is that if David suffered at the hands of the Gentiles on his way to the throne (Psalm 22), how much more would the heir of David, the one even greater than David?

David was God’s covenant partner and recipient of God’s promise to establish the eternal kingdom on earth through a human descendant. Note the role of the line of David in relation to God’s ultimate defeat of human evil through David’s heir.

Both David and Jesus were misrepresented by others. (Absalom and The Sanhedrin)

David, by his own son Absalom, who lied to Israel about his father in order to gain support for himself to take his father’s throne.

Jesus, by the religious leaders of the day, the Sanhedrin, who constantly tried to divert attention away from Jesus in order to maintain their own position of authority and power.

Both David and Jesus reigned in spite of rejection and rebellion from others.

David, fulfilled God’s plan for his rule over all Israel.

Jesus, fulfilled God’s plan for His rule over the whole world.

Both David and Jesus knew disappointment by the actions of those close to them: (Joab and Peter)

David, by the betrayal of Joab, who against David’s wishes killed his son Absalom.

Jesus, by the denial of Peter after Jesus’ arrest. Jesus went on to restore Peter to Himself.

Both David and Jesus climbed the Mount of Olives and prayed (2 Samuel 15:30-32 Matthew 26:30). Also John 17:1-26 where Jesus prayed to His Father before His Crucifixion.

Both David and Jesus wept on the Mount of Olives over the tragedies taking place in Jerusalem (2 Samuel 15:23, 30: Luke 19:41)

David fled to the Mount of Olives, and he was troubled in spirit, in great anguish and tearful.

David, as he ascended the Mount he wept over his betrayal by his son Absalom.

Jesus, as He prayed to His Father before His Crucifixion.

Jesus went to the Mount of Olives with His disciples, and He suffered terrible anguish and tears in the nearby Garden of Gethsemane.

David’s people wept as he left; just like the people wept for Jesus. Public support was against both of them – so they all went with Absalom.

Both David and Jesus would leave the city of Jerusalem rejected by its citizens (2 Samuel 15:13; John 1:11)

2 Samuel 15:13 ¶ And there came a messenger to David, saying, The hearts of the men of Israel are after Absalom.

2 Samuel 15:14 And David said unto all his servants that [were] with him at JERUSALEM, Arise, and let us flee; for we shall not [else] escape from Absalom: make speed to depart, lest he overtake us suddenly, and bring evil upon us, and smite the city with the edge of the sword.

John 1:11 He came unto His own, and His own received Him not.

Psalm 22 – A Psalm of David, a sinner seeking repentance:

Psalm 22:01: ¶ MY GOD, MY GOD, WHY HAST THOU FORSAKEN ME? [why art thou so] far from helping me, [and from] the words of my roaring? [Matthew 27:46; Mark 15:34]

Jesus, was on the cross and about to die for all sinners who seek repentance:

Matthew 27:46 And about the ninth hour JESUS CRIED WITH A LOUD VOICE, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, MY GOD, MY GOD, WHY HAST THOU FORSAKEN ME? [THOU implies a singular God – as a trinitarian god he would have said the plural you and, by an unexplainable mystery, He would have also been speaking to Himself !] [Roman time keeping: the ninth hour would be 3 o’clock.] [Psalm 22:01; Mark 15:34]

Mark 15:34 And at the NINTH HOUR Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? which is, being interpreted, My God, my God, why hast THOU forsaken me? [Roman time keeping: NINTH HOUR = 3 O’CLOCK.] [THOU implies a singular God – as a trinitarian god He would have said the plural you and, by an unexplainable mystery, He would have also been speaking to Himself !] [Elsewhere “Simon, Simon,” “Mary, Mary,” “JERUSALEM, JERUSALEM” – each of these refer to one person or thing, not more.] [Psalm 22:01; Matthew 27:46]

The resurrected Jesus occupies the throne of David to this day and rules forever over His great kingdom, which is the church. This was anticipated in prophecy when Nathan, in vision, spoke to David:

2 Samuel 7:13 He shall build an house for my name, and I will stablish the throne of his kingdom for ever.

2 Samuel 7:14 I will be his father, and he shall be my son. If he commit iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men, and with the stripes of the children of men:

2 Samuel 7:15 But my mercy shall not depart away from him, as I took [it] from Saul, whom I put away before thee.

2 Samuel 7:16 And thine house and thy kingdom shall be established for ever before thee: thy throne shall be established for ever.

2 Samuel 7:17 According to all these words, and according to all this vision, so did Nathan speak unto David.

Psalm 110:01: ¶ The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool. [Acts 2:34-35]

Peter quotes Psalm 110 in Acts 2:34-36, as follows:

Acts 2:34 For David is not ascended into the HEAVENS: but he saith himself, The Lord said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, [Psalm 110:01]

Acts 2:35 Until I make thy foes thy footstool. [Psalm 110:01]

Acts 2:36 Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly, that GOD hath MADE that same JESUS, whom ye have crucified, both Lord and Christ. [God MADE Jesus – this automatically throws out the trinity doctrine as God came BEFORE Jesus whom He made. So how could 3 gods be Co-eternal ?]

Jesus understood His relationship with David. Jesus referred to him in Mark 2:25-28 in the dispute with the Pharisees.

Mark 2:25 And he said unto them, Have ye never read what David did, when he had need, and was an hungred, he, and they that were with him?

Mark 2:26 How he went into the HOUSE of GOD in the days of Abiathar the high priest, and did eat the SHOWBREAD, which is not lawful to eat but for the priests, and gave also to them which were with him?

Mark 2:27 And he said unto them, The SABBATH was made for man, and not man for the SABBATH:

Mark 2:28 Therefore the Son of man is Lord also of the SABBATH. [Matthew 12:08, Luke 6:05]

Isaiah 42:01: ¶ Behold MY SERVANT, WHOM I uphold; MINE elect, [in whom] MY soul delighteth; I HAVE put MY SPIRIT upon HIM: HE shall bring forth judgment to the Gentiles. [Matthew 12:18]

Isaiah 42:02 HE shall not cry, nor lift up, nor cause HIS voice to be heard in the street.

Isaiah 42:03 A bruised reed shall HE not break, and the smoking flax shall HE not quench: HE shall bring forth judgment unto truth.

Isaiah 42:04 HE shall not fail nor be discouraged, till HE have set judgment in the earth: and the isles shall wait for HIS law.

David showed us a glimpse of a better king who also spared his enemies — good news for those of us who were once enemies of Christ, and are now offered terms of peace in the gospel (Romans 5:10):

Romans 5:10 For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by his life.

2 Samuel 5:10 And David went on, and grew great, and the LORD God of hosts [was] with him.

2 Samuel 5:11 ¶ And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar trees, and carpenters, and masons: and they built David an house.

2 Samuel 5:12 And David perceived that the LORD had established him king over Israel, and that he had exalted his kingdom for his people Israel’s sake.

When David assumed office, God quickly began to bless his reign. He conquered Jerusalem, gained international fame, and brought peace and prosperity to the people.

David wasn’t blessed merely for his own sake but to be the fountainhead of blessing for all God’s people.

Likewise, Christ is no longer in His humiliation. He ascended with all authority in heaven and on earth (Matthew 28:18) and has been exalted as a sign of judgment and grace for all the world to see (Acts 17:31). The future King is in session at the Father’s right hand.

Matthew 28:18 And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, ALL POWER is given unto Me in heaven and in earth.

[The important fact that Jesus is telling His disciples in this verse is that He has received All POWER from His Father.]

Acts 17:31 Because he hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness by [that] man whom he hath ordained; [whereof] he hath given assurance unto all [men], in that he hath raised him from the dead.

God miraculously enabled David to kill the lion and the bear, and deliver the lamb out of their mouths, plainly and evidently to be a type, sign and encouragement unto him that he would enable him to destroy the enemies of his people, that were much stronger than they, and deliver his people from them. David did this as a shepherd over the flock of his father, and his acting the part of a shepherd towards them is expressly spoken of as a resemblance of his acting the part of a king and shepherd towards God’s people from time to time (1 Chronicles 11:2, Psalm 78:70–72, Jeremiah 23:4–6, Ezekiel 34:23–24, Ezekiel 37:24).
God’s people, in places innumerable are called His flock and His sheep. Their enemies, in David’s Psalms and elsewhere, are compared to the lion and other beasts of prey that devour the sheep. David himself calls his own deliverance and the deliverance of God’s people, a being saved from the lion’s mouth (Psalm 7:1–2, and Psalm 17:12–13, and Psalm 22:20–21, and Psalm 35:17 and Psalm 57:3–4). Also, David understood God’s ways, thus miraculously enabling him to conquer these wild beasts and deliver the lamb as a representation and sign of what God would enable him to do for His people against their strong enemies, as is evident from what he said to Saul when he offered to go against Goliath [1 Samuel 17:37].

David’s victory over the enemies of God’s people, and his saving them out of their hands, was typified by his conquering the lion and the bear and rescuing the lamb. God gave victory to Israel over the Syrians, and delivered them from them; this was typified by the prophet helping the king of Israel shoot an arrow towards them (2 Kings 13:15–17).

God’s wonderful appearance for David at Baal-Perazim, to fight for him against his enemies, is spoken of as a resemblance of what should be in Messiah’s times.

Isaiah 28:21 For the LORD shall rise up as [in] MOUNT PERAZIM, he shall be wroth as [in] the valley of Gibeon, that he may do his work, his strange work; and bring to pass his act, his strange act.

Zechariah 9:15 The LORD of HOSTS shall defend them; and they shall devour, and subdue with sling stones; and they shall drink, [and] make a noise as through wine; and they shall be filled like bowls, [and] as the corners of the ALTAR.

There seems to be a reference to David subduing Goliath with a sling stone, as though that were a resemblance of the manner in which the enemies of God’s people should be subdued in the times of the Messiah; and this is an argument that David’s bruising the head of this giant and grand enemy of God’s church is a type of the Messiah, the Son of David, and who is often called by the name of “David” in Scriptures, His bruising the head of Satan.

David built the altar in the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite, on Gentile ground.

This equates to what the prophecies represent of the church of the Messiah being erected in Gentile lands, and being made up of those that had been sinners.

The Spirit of God in Nathan, when speaking of the glorious reign of Solomon and his building an house to God’s name, and promising these things to David (2 Samuel 7), takes occasion to foretell and promise the more glorious and everlasting kingdom of the Messiah; as it is evident that David understood the words of Nathan by what he says in 2 Samuel 23 and in the Book of Psalms, and as it is evident by many things in the Prophets, the Spirit of God intended them.

From David’s great victories over the Syrians and Edomites, the Spirit of God takes occasion to speak much of the victories of the Messiah in Psalm 60 and Psalm 108.

Zechariah 12:10 And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of JERUSALEM, the spirit of grace and of supplications: and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for [his] only [son], and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for [his] firstborn. [John 19:37]

Zechariah 12:11 In that day shall there be a great mourning in JERUSALEM, as the mourning of Hadadrimmon in the valley of Megiddon.

Hosea 5:15 ¶ I will go [and] return to my place, till they acknowledge their offence, and seek my face: in their affliction they will seek me early.

Ezekiel 36:37 Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will yet [for] this be inquired of by the house of Israel, to do [it] for them; I will increase them with men like a flock.

Jeremiah 29:12 Then shall ye call upon me, and ye shall go and pray unto me, and I will hearken unto you.

Jeremiah 29:13 And ye shall seek me, and find [me], when ye shall search for me with all your heart. [Deuteronomy 4:29, 6:05, 30:02, 06, 10; Matthew 22:37; Mark 12:30; Luke 10:27]

Jeremiah 29:14 And I will be found of you, saith the LORD: and I will turn away your captivity, and I will gather you from all the nations, and from all the places whither I have driven you, saith the LORD; and I will bring you again into the place whence I caused you to be carried away captive.

David is spoken of as being a poor man, of a low family and in mean circumstances.

1 Samuel 18:23 And Saul’s servants spake those words in the ears of David. And David said, Seemeth it to you [a] light [thing] to be a king’s son in law, seeing that I [am] a poor man, and lightly esteemed?

2 Samuel 7:18 ¶ Then went king David in, and sat before the LORD, and he said, Who [am] I, O Lord GOD? and what [is] my house, that thou hast brought me hitherto?

It is also said of the Messiah in the prophecies that he was a root out of a dry ground, that he was a low tree:

Isaiah 52:03 For thus saith the LORD, Ye have sold yourselves for nought; and ye shall be redeemed without money.

Ezekiel 17:24 And all the trees of the field shall know that I the LORD have brought down the high tree, have exalted the low tree, have dried up the green tree, and have made the dry tree to flourish: I the LORD have spoken and have done [it].

1 Kings 11:04 For it came to pass, when Solomon was old, [that] his wives turned away his heart after other gods: and his heart was not perfect with the LORD his God, as [was] the heart of David his father.

1 Kings 11:06 And Solomon did evil in the sight of the LORD, and went not fully after the LORD, as [did] David his father.

1 Kings 15:11 And Asa did [that which was] right in the eyes of the LORD, as [did] David his father.

2 Kings 18:03 And he did [that which was] right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that David his father did.

2 Chronicles 28:10 And now ye purpose to keep under the children of Judah and JERUSALEM for bondmen and bondwomen unto you: [but are there] not with you, even with you, sins against the LORD your GOD?

2 Chronicles 29:01: ¶ Hezekiah began to reign [when he was] five and twenty years old, and he reigned nine and twenty years in JERUSALEM. And his mother’s name [was] Abijah, the daughter of Zechariah.

2 Chronicles 29:02 And he did [that which was] right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that David his father had done.

2 Samuel 22:21 The LORD rewarded me according to my righteousness: according to the cleanness of my hands hath he recompensed me.

2 Samuel 22:22 For I have kept the ways of the LORD, and have not wickedly departed from my God.

2 Samuel 22:23 For all his judgments [were] before me: and [as for] his statutes, I did not depart from them.

2 Samuel 22:24 I was also upright before him, and have kept myself from mine iniquity.

2 Samuel 22:25 Therefore the LORD hath recompensed me according to my righteousness; according to my cleanness in his eye sight.

2 Samuel 22:26 With the merciful thou wilt show thyself merciful, [and] with the upright man thou wilt show thyself upright. [Psalm 18:25; Matthew 5:07]

2 Samuel 22:27 With the pure thou wilt show thyself pure; and with the froward thou wilt show thyself unsavoury.

David is spoken of as an eminently holy person, a man after God’s own heart. He is spoken of in the history of the kings of Judah as one whose heart was perfect with the Lord his God (1 Kings 11:4); one that went fully after the Lord (1 Kings 11:6); one that did that that was right in the eyes of the Lord (1 Kings 15:11, 2 Kings 18:3, 2 Chronicles 28:1 and 2 Chronicles 29:2). He is spoken of as pure and upright [and] righteous; one that had clean hands; that kept the ways of the Lord and did not wickedly depart from God (2 Samuel 22:21–27).

David was of a humble, meek and merciful spirit (1 Samuel 18:23; 2 Samuel 6:21–22 and 2 Samuel 7:18; 1 Samuel 24, throughout, and 1 Samuel 26 throughout; 2 Samuel 2:5, 2 Samuel 2:21, and 2 Samuel 4:9–12 and 2 Samuel 7:18; 2 Samuel 22:26; and many places in the Psalms show the same spirit, too many to be mentioned). This agrees with what is said of the Messiah, Zechariah 9:9, “He is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding on an ass, and a colt the foal of an ass.” Isaiah 42:3, “A bruised reed shall he not break, and the smoking flax shall he not quench: he shall bring forth judgment unto truth.” Isaiah 40:11, “He shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead those that are with young.” Isaiah 53:7, “He is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, as a sheep before his shearers is dumb, so he opened not his mouth.”

David was a person that was eminent for wisdom and prudence. 1 Samuel 16:18, “Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse… prudent in matters.” And 1 Samuel 18:5, “And David behaved himself wisely.” 1 Samuel 18:14, “And David behaved himself wisely in all his ways.” 1 Samuel 18:30, “David behaved himself more wisely than all the servants of Saul.” Psalm 78:72, “He guided them by the skilfulness of his hands.” This agrees with what is said of the Messiah (Isaiah 9:6, Isaiah 11:2–3 and Isaiah 41:28–29 with Isaiah 42:1, Isaiah 52:13, Zechariah 3:7).

David is said to be “a mighty valiant man.” 1 Samuel 16:18, “Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse, a mighty valiant man.” This iagrees with Psalm 45:3, “Gird thy sword upon thy thigh, O most mighty, with thy glory and thy majesty.” Isaiah 63:1, “Who is this travelling in the greatness of his strength? I that speak in righteousness, mighty to save.” And in this very thing the Messiah is compared to David. Psalm 89:19–20, “I have laid help upon one that is mighty; I have exalted one chosen out of the people. I have found David my servant.”

David was a sweet musician, and was preferred as such to all that were to be found in Israel to relieve Saul in his melancholy. He is called “the sweet psalmist of Israel” (2 Samuel 23:1). He lead the whole church of Israel in their praises. He instituted the order of singers and musicians in the house of God. He delivered to the church the book of songs they were to use in their ordinary public worship. This agrees with the prophecies of the Messiah, which do everywhere represent that He should introduce the most pleasant, joyful, glorious state of the church, wherein they should abound in the praises of God, and the world be filled with sweet and joyful songs after sorrow and weeping; wherein songs should be heard from the utmost ends of the earth, and all nations should sing, and the mountains and trees of the field, and all creatures, sun, moon and stars, heaven and earth, should break forth into singing; and even the dead should awake and sing, and the lower parts of the earth should shout, and the tongue of the dumb should sing, and the dragons and all deeps; the barren, the prisoners, the desolate and mourners should sing; and that all nations should come and sing in the height of Zion: they should sing aloud and sing a new song or in a new manner, with music and praises excelling all that ever had been before. The particular texts are too many to enumerate.

The patriarch from whom Christ descends, for this reason is called “Judah,” i.e. “praise,” and the Messiah is represented as leading the church of God in their sweet and joyful songs. Psalm 22:22, “I will declare thy name unto my brethren: in the midst of the congregation I will praise thee.” Psalm 22:25, “My praise shall be of thee in the great congregation.” Psalm 69:30, Psalm 69:32, “I will praise the name of God with a song, and will magnify him with thanksgiving.… The humble shall see this, and be glad.” Psalm 69:34, “Let the heaven and the earth praise him, the seas, and everything that moveth therein.” (See also Psalm 138:1–5.) We read in Psalm 89:15 of the joyful sound that shall be at that time, and the day of the Messiah’s kingdom is compared to the spring, the time of the singing of birds (Song of Solomon 2).

David slew a lion and bear and delivered a lamb out of their mouths. So the enemies of the Messiah and his people are in the prophecies compared to a lion. So the prophetical representations made of God’s people, that are delivered by the Messiah, well agree with the symbol of a lamb. The prophecies are represented as feeble, poor and defenceless in themselves, and as meek and harmless (Psalm 45:4, and Psalm 22:26, and Psalm 69:32, and Psalm 147:6 and Psalm 149:4; Isaiah 11:4 and Isaiah 29:19 and Isaiah 61:1).

David came to the camp of Israel to save them from Goliath and the Philistines, just at a time when they were in special and immediate danger, when the host were going forth to the fight and shouted for the battle. So the Messiah in the prophecies is represented as appearing to save his people at the time of their extremity. So God appeared for the redemption of His people out of Egypt. But Balaam, prophesying of the redemption of the Messiah (Numbers 23:23), says, “According to this time shall it be said of Jacob and of Israel, What hath God wrought!” This also agrees with that prophecy of the deliverance of God’s people in the Messiah’s times, Deuteronomy 32:36, “The Lord shall judge his people, and repent himself for his servants, when he seeth that their power is gone, and there is none shut up, or left.” (See Psalm 14, and Psalm 53, and Psalm 21:11–12, and Psalm 46, and Psalm 58:7–11, and Psalm 60, and Psalm 118:10–29 and Psalm 138:7; Isaiah 8:9–22; Isaiah 9:1–7, and Isaiah 25:4–5, and Isaiah 26:16–21, and Isaiah 28:21–22, and Isaiah 29:5–8, and Isaiah 30:27–30, and Isaiah 31:4–5, and Isaiah 40:28–31, and Isaiah 41 throughout, and Isaiah 42:1–4, and Isaiah 51:7–23 and many other places.)

David was hated and envied by his brethren and misused by them when he came to them on a kind errand from his father, to bring them provision. Herein he resembled the Messiah, as Joseph did.

David killed Goliath, who in his huge stature, great strength, with his mighty army and exceeding pride, much resembled the devil, according to the representations of the devil in the prophecies of the Messiah’s conquest and destruction of him, who is called “Leviathan” (Isaiah 27:1); which in the Old Testament is represented as an huge and terrible creature, of vast strength and impenetrable armour, disdaining the weapons and strength of his enemies, and the king over all the children of pride (Job 41).

David went against Goliath without carnal weapons. David prevailed against Goliath with a sling and a stone, which is as Zechariah 9:15, “The Lord of hosts shall defend them; and they shall devour, and subdue with sling stones.”

David, when going against Goliath, took strength out of the brook in the way; this agrees with that concerning the Messiah, Psalm 110:6–7, “He shall fill the places with the dead bodies; he shall wound the heads over many countries. He shall drink of the brook in the way: therefore shall he lift up the head.”

David cut off the head of the Philistine with Goliath’s own sword. So it may be clearly gathered from what the prophecies say of the Messiah’s suffering, and that from the cruelty of his enemies, and the consequence of them with respect to his exaltation and victory over his enemies, that the Messiah shall destroy Satan with his own weapons. David carried the head of Goliath to Jerusalem, which agrees with what is foretold of the Messiah. Psalm 68:18, “Thou hast ascended on high, thou hast led captivity captive,” together with the context.

David put Goliath’s armour in his tent, as recorded in Psalm 76:2–3, “In Salem is his tabernacle” (or “tent”), “and his dwelling place in Zion. There brake he the arrows of the bow, the shield, the sword, and the battle.”

When Saul saw David returning from his victory, he says over and over with great admiration concerning him, “Whose son is this youth?” (1 Samuel 17:55), “Inquire whose son this stripling is” (1 Samuel 17:56), “Whose son art thou?” (1 Samuel 17:58); agrees with Psalm 24:8, “Who is this king of glory?” Again Psalm 24:10, and Isaiah 63:1, “Who is this that cometh from Edom, with dyed garments from Bosrah? this that is glorious in his apparel, travelling in the greatness of his strength?” The daughters of Israel went forth to meet King David and sang praises to him when he returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, as stated in Psalm 24, and Psalm 68 and many other places.

David was a great saviour. He saved Israel from Goliath and the Philistines, and from all their enemies round about. 2 Samuel 3:18, “The Lord hath spoken of David, saying, By the hand of my servant David will I save my people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies,” and is as the prophecies of the Messiah. David was greatly persecuted and his life sought unjustly; agrees with the prophecies of the Messiah.

David was resorted to by everyone that was in distress, and everyone that was in debt, and everyone that was bitter of soul, and he became their captain; this agrees with innumerable prophecies that represent the Messiah as the Captain and Savoir of the poor, afflicted, distressed, sinners and prisoners, etc.. David’s host is compared to the host of God (1 Chronicles 12:22), which agrees with what the prophecies represent of the divinity of the Messiah, and God’s people in His times, and under Him becoming as an host of mighty valiant men that shall thresh the mountains and tread down their enemies, {and shall make the hills as chaff} [Isaiah 41:15]. David, as it were raised from the dead, was wonderfully delivered from death when in great danger, was brought back from the wilderness and from banishment and from caves of the earth that resembled the grave. (Psalm 30:3, “O Lord, thou hast brought up my soul from the grave.”) Which agrees with the prophecies of the Messiah’s restoration from His low and suffering state and resurrection from death.

David’s followers, that came to him to make him king, were men of understanding, mighty men of valour, and men of a perfect heart (1 Chronicles 12); this agrees with what the prophecies represent of the followers of the Messiah. David was made king by the act and choice both of God and his people (1 Chronicles 11:1–3 and 1 Chronicles 12; 2 Samuel 2:4, 2 Samuel 5:1–3). This agrees with the prophecies of the Messiah. Hosea 1:11, “Then shall the children of Judah and the children of Israel be gathered together, and appoint themselves one head.”

David was made king with great feasting and rejoicing (1 Chronicles 12:39–40), which agrees with what the prophecies do abundantly represent of the joy of the introduction of the Messiah’s kingdom.

David was the second king of the united kingdom of ancient Israel and Judah, who conquered the Canaanite city of Jerusalem and made it the political and religious capital of his kingdom in 1003 BC; that city so often spoken of in the prophecies as a type of the church of the Messiah. David insulted the idols as lame and blind and destroyed them (2 Samuel 5:21). David conquered the strongest hold of the Jebusites and reigned there. He rescued Zion from the strong possession of idols and the enemies of God’s people, and reigned in Mt. Zion, this agrees with innumerable prophecies of the Messiah. David’s kingdom gradually increased from small beginnings till he had subdued all his enemies.

It was first in David’s time that God chose Him a place to put His name there. Through him God made Jerusalem His holy city, and the place of His special, gracious residence, this agrees with the prophecies of the Messiah (Psalm 132:13–18, Zechariah 1:17 and Zechariah 2:12, and Isaiah 14:1). David provided a settled habitation for God, and God is represented as through His favour to David taking up a settled abode with them, no more walking in a moveable tent and tabernacle that might be taken down, and giving Israel a constant abode, that they might no more be afflicted and carried into captivity (2 Samuel 7:6, 2 Samuel 7:10, 2 Samuel 7:24), according to many prophecies of the Messiah. David provided a place for God’s habitation in Zion and in Mt. Moriah; agrees with Zechariah 6:12, “He shall build the temple of the Lord.”

David brought up the ark to abide in the midst of God’s people after it had departed into the land of the Philistines and had long remained in the utmost confines of the land in Kirjathjearim. This agrees with what the prophecies represent of the benefit the people of God in the Messiah’s days shall receive in the return of the tokens of God’s presence to them after a long absence, and His placing His tabernacle in the midst of them, and ceasing to abhor them.

David ascended into the hill of the Lord with the ark at the head of all Israel, rejoicing, and gave gifts to men (2 Samuel 6); this agrees with what is said of the ascension of the Messiah (Psalm 68). David ascended with the ark wherein was the Law of God, as the Messiah ascended with that human nature that was the cabinet of the Law. David, after he had ascended, returned to bless his household, as the Messiah especially blessed his church after his ascension. But Michal, his first wife, despised him for his abasement and received no part in this blessing, but was as it were repudiated; as the prophecies do represent the Jews, the Messiah’s first wife, as despising the Messiah for His humiliation and so as not receiving the benefits and blessings that He should bestow after His ascension, but as being repudiated.

When David came to the crown, God broke forth on his enemies as the breach of water, and in a dreadful storm of thunder, fire and hail (2 Samuel 5:20, 1 Chronicles 14:11 and Psalm 18); this agrees with Isaiah 24:18–20, Daniel 9:26, Ezekiel 38:22, Isaiah 30:30 and Isaiah 32:19. Yea, the destruction of the enemies of God’s people in the days of the Messiah is expressly compared to that very breaking forth of God on the enemies of David. Isaiah 28:21, “For the Lord shall rise up as in Mt. Perazim.”

The king of Tyre (that was above all others in the world a city noted for merchandise and seafaring) built David an house (2 Samuel 5:11, 1 Chronicles 14:1).

David carried up the ark clothed with a robe of fine linen (I Chronicles). David is spoken of as the man that was “raised up on high” [2 Samuel 23:1], this agrees with what is said of the Messiah in Psalm 89:19, “I have exalted one chosen out of the people.” And Psalm 89:27, “I will make him my first-born, higher than the kings of the earth.” Psalm 45:6, “Thy throne, O God, is forever.” And Psalm 110:1, “Sit thou on my right hand,” and innumerable other places. He is spoken of as eminently a just ruler, one that fed God’s people in the integrity of his heart and executed judgment and justice (2 Samuel 8:15, 1 Chronicles 18:14); this agrees with that which is abundantly spoken of the Messiah, as the just ruler over men; the king that shall reign in righteousness; he that shall sit on the throne of his father David, to order and establish it with judgment and justice; the righteous branch that shall grow up to David, etc.. God made David a name like the name of the great men that are in the earth (2 Samuel 7:9; see also 2 Samuel 8:13), and as Isaiah 53:12, “Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great.” “The fame of David went out into all lands; and the Lord brought the fear of him upon all nations” (1 Chronicles 14:17), and as Psalm 45:17, “I will make thy name to be remembered”; Psalm 72:11, “All nations shall serve him”; Psalm 72:17, “His name shall endure forever,” and innumerable other places.

1 Chronicles 15:27, agrees with Isaiah 61:10, “He hath clothed me with the garments of salvation, he hath covered me with a robe of righteousness.” Zechariah 3:4, “Take away the filthy garments from him. And unto him he said, Behold, I have caused thine iniquity to pass from thee, and I will clothe thee with change of raiment.” (See also Daniel 10:5, compared with Daniel 10:13 and Daniel 10:21, and Daniel 12:1.)

God was with David whithersoever he went, and cut off all his enemies (2 Samuel 7:9 and 2 Samuel 8:6, 2 Samuel 8:14; 1 Chronicles 17:8, 1 Chronicles 17:10 and 1 Chronicles 18:6, 1 Chronicles 18:13; 2 Samuel 22:1–20), and as Psalm 2, and Psalm 45, and Psalm 110, and Psalm 89 and innumerable other places.

David subdued all the remainders of the Canaanites and the ancient heathen inhabitants of the land, and so perfected what Joshua had begun in giving the people. David brought it to pass that the Canaanites and enemies of Israel should no longer dwell with them, or be mixed among them in the same land. Joel 3:17, “No stranger shall pass through thee any more.” Zechariah 14:21, “In that day there shall be no more the Canaanite in the house of the Lord.” Psalm 69:35–36, “For God will save Zion, and will build the cities of Judah: that they may dwell there, and have it in possession. The seed also of his servants shall inherit it: and they that love thy name shall dwell therein.” Isaiah 65:9–11, “And I will bring forth a seed out of Jacob, and out of Judah an inheritor of my mountains: and mine elect shall inherit it, and my servants shall dwell there. And Sharon shall be a fold of flocks, and the valley of Achor a place for the herds to lie down in, for my people that have sought me. But ye are they that forsake the Lord, that forget my holy mountain, that prepare a table for that troop, and that furnish the drink offering unto that number.” Isaiah 35:8, “An highway shall be there, and a way, and it shall be called The way of holiness; the unclean shall not pass over it.” Ezekiel 20:38, “And I will purge out from among you the rebels, and them that transgress against me: I will bring them forth out of the country where they sojourn, and they shall not enter into the land of Israel.”

David subdued the Philistines, and the Moabites, and Ammonites and the Edomites; this is as Isaiah 11:14, Numbers 24:17, Psalm 60:8 and Psalm 108:9, Isaiah 25:10, Isaiah 34 and Isaiah 63, and Ezekiel 35 and Ezekiel 36:5. David’s kingdom reached from the river to the ends of the earth (2 Samuel 8:3; 1 Chronicles 18:3), this agrees with Psalm 72:8, Zechariah 9:10.

David’s reign was a time of the destruction of giants. He slew all the remnant of the race of giants (1 Samuel 17, 2 Samuel 21:18–22 and 2 Samuel 23:20–21, 1 Chronicles 20:4–8 and 1 Chronicles 11:22–23), and as Isaiah 10:33, “And the high ones of stature shall be hewn down, and the haughty shall be humbled.” This seems to be connected with the prophecy in the beginning of the next chapter, in the next verse but one. Isaiah 45:14, “The Sabeans, men of stature, shall come over to thee; in chains shall they come over.” Psalm 76:5, “The stouthearted are spoiled, they have slept their sleep.”

David destroyed the chariots and houghed the horses of the enemies of God’s people (2 Samuel 8:4 and 2 Samuel 10:18, 1 Chronicles 18:4 and 1 Chronicles 19:7), and as Psalm 46:9, “He breaketh the bow, and cutteth the spear in sunder; he burneth the chariot in the fire.” Psalm 76:3, “There brake he the arrows of the bow, the shield, and the sword, and the battle.” Psalm 76:6, “At thy rebuke, O God of Jacob, both the chariot and horse are cast into a dead sleep.” (See also Ezekiel 39:9–10, Ezekiel 39:20 and Zechariah 12:3–4.)

What David says (Psalm 18 and 2 Samuel 22) of the manner in which God appeared for him against his enemies, to destroy them in a terrible tempest with thunder, lightning, earthquake, devouring fire, etc., all as many things in the prophecies of the Messiah.

Other kings brought presents unto David and bowed down unto him (2 Samuel 5:11, 1 Chronicles 14:1, 2 Samuel 8:2 and 2 Samuel 8:10, 1 Chronicles 18:10, 2 Samuel 10:19, 1 Chronicles 22:4), and as Psalm 72:10–11 and Psalm 45:12, Psalm 68:29, Isaiah 49:7 and Isaiah 60:9. The honour, dominion and crown of David’s enemies was given unto him (2 Samuel 12:30 and 1 Chronicles 20:2). Ezekiel 21:26, “Thus saith the Lord; Remove the diadem, and take off the crown: this shall not be the same: exalt him that is low, and abase him that is high. Perverted, perverted, perverted will I make it, until he come whose right it is; and I will give it him.”

David’s sons were princes (1 Chronicles 28:1–8). David’s sons were chief rulers or princes; this this agrees with Psalm 45:16, “Instead of thy fathers shall be thy children, whom thou mayest make princes in all the earth.”

David brought the wealth of the heathen into Jerusalem and dedicated it to God, and as it were built the temple with it (2 Samuel 8:11–12, 1 Chronicles 18:11 and 1 Chronicles 26:26–27, and 1 Chronicles 22, throughout, and 1 Chronicles 29); and as Micah 4:13, “Arise, thresh, O daughters of Zion: for I will make thine horn iron, and thy hoofs brass: and thou shalt beat in pieces many people: and I will consecrate their gain unto the Lord, and their substance unto the Lord of the whole earth.” Isaiah 23:17–18, “The Lord will visit Tyre… And her merchandise and hire shall be holiness to the Lord: it shall not be treasured nor laid up; for her merchandise shall be for them that dwell before the Lord, to eat sufficiently, and for durable clothing.” (See also Isaiah 60:5–6, Isaiah 60:9, Isaiah 60:11, Isaiah 60:13, Isaiah 61:6, and Zechariah 14:14.)

David was a mediator to stand between God and the people, both to keep off judgments and the punishment of sin, and also to procure God’s favour towards them. For his sake God granted his gracious presence and favour with Israel (2 Samuel 7:10). Thus we read of favour which God showed to Israel, and withholding judgments from time to time for his servant David’s sake (1 Kings 11:12–13, 1 Kings 11:32, 1 Kings 11:34, 1 Kings 15:4; 2 Kings 8:19, 2 Kings 19:34 and 2 Kings 20:6). And he stood between God and the people of Jerusalem when he saw the sword of justice drawn against it to destroy it (2 Samuel 24:17–25). So the Messiah is spoken of, as in like manner, the Mediator, being Himself peculiarly God’s elect and beloved, is given for a covenant of the people (Isaiah 42:6 and Isaiah 49:8) and the messenger of the covenant, and a prophet like unto Moses, who was a mediator. And the prophecies speak of the forgiveness of sin, and the greatest mercy towards God’s people, and an everlasting covenant, and the sure mercies of David, as being through the Messiah.

David not only made a tabernacle for God in Mt. Zion, and so provided an habitation for the Lord, but he in effect built the temple. He bought the ground on which it was built, built an altar upon it. He made provision for the building. It was in his heart to build an house to God’s name, and he directed and ordered precisely how it should be built and ordered all its services (1 Chronicles 22–26), and as Zechariah 6:12–13. Herein David was as the Messiah, a prophet like unto Moses, who built the tabernacle and the altar according to the pattern God gave him (as he gave David the pattern of the tabernacle), and gave the ordinances of the house [and] ordered all things appertaining to the worship of the tabernacle.

God by David gave to Israel new ordinances, a new law of worship, appointed many things that were not in the law of Moses, and some things that superseded the ordinances of Moses. This agrees with the things said of the Messiah.

David made all manner of preparation for the building of the temple, and that in vast abundance, an immense treasure (1 Chronicles 22:14 and 1 Chronicles 28:14–18, 1 Chronicles 29:2–9); and as Isaiah 25:6, “And in this mountain shall the Lord make unto all people a feast of fat things, a feast of wines on the lees, of fat things full of marrow, of wines on the lees well refined.” Isaiah 55:1–9:

“Ho, everyone that thirsteth, come ye to the waters, and he that hath no money; come ye, buy, and eat; yea, come, buy wine and milk without money and without price. Wherefore do ye spend money for that which is not bread? and your labour for that which satisfieth not? hearken diligently unto me, and eat ye that which is good, and let your soul delight itself in fatness. Incline your ear, and come unto me: hear, and your soul shall live; and I will make an everlasting covenant with you, even the sure mercies of David. Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people, a leader and commander to the people. Behold, thou shalt call a nation that thou knowest not, and nations that knew not thee shall run unto thee because of the Lord thy God, and for the Holy One of Israel; for he hath glorified thee. Seek ye the Lord while he may be found, call upon him while he is near: Let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his thoughts: and let him return unto the Lord, and he will have mercy upon him; and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon. For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, saith the Lord. For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts.”

Haggai 2:7, “I will fill this house with glory.” Jeremiah 33:6, “I will reveal unto them the abundance of truth and peace.” Isaiah 64:4, eye has not seen, nor ear heard, {what God has prepared for him that waits on him}. Isaiah 66:12, “I will extend peace to her as a river.” Psalm 72:3, “The mountains shall bring peace to the people, and the little hills, by righteousness.” Psalm 72:7, there shall be “abundance of peace so long as the moon endureth.” Amos 9:13, “The mountains shall drop sweet wine.” Joel 3:18, “And it shall come to pass in that day, that the mountains shall drop down new wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the rivers of Judah shall flow with water, and a fountain shall come forth out of the house of the Lord, and shall water the valley of Shittim.” And Isaiah 60, throughout, besides the things which the prophecies say of the perfect satisfaction of God’s justice by the sacrifice of the Messiah and the abundance of his righteousness and excellency. David made such great provision for the building of the temple in his trouble by war and exposing his own life, which agrees with what the prophecies represent of Christ procuring the immense blessings of His church by His extreme sufferings and precious blood.

David was the head of God’s people, the prince of the congregation of Israel, not only in their civil affairs, but in ecclesiastical affairs also, and their leader in all things appertaining to religion and the worship of God. Herein he was as the Messiah is represented in the prophecies, which speak of Him as a prophet like unto Moses, and as the Head of God’s people, as their great King, Prophet and Priest. And indeed, almost all that the prophecies say of the Messiah does imply that He shall be the Great Head of God’s people in their religious concerns.

David regulated the whole body of the people and brought them into the most exact and beautiful order (1 Chronicles 27), this agrees with what is represented of the church in the Messiah’s days, as “beautiful for situation” (Psalm 48:2}; “the perfection of beauty” (Psalm 50:2); “an eternal excellency, the joy of many generations” [Isaiah 60:15]; and what is represented in Ezekiel of the exact measures and order of all parts of the temple, the city and the whole land [Ezekiel 40–48].

The things that are said of Solomon fall, yet if anything, short of those that are said of David, in their remarkable agreement with things said of the Messiah in the prophecies. His name, “Solomon,” signifies “peace” or “peaceable,” and was given him by God Himself from respect to the signification, because he should enjoy peace and be a means of peace to God’s people. 1 Chronicles 22:9, “Behold, a son shall be born to thee, who shall be a man of rest; and I will give him rest from all his enemies round about: for his name shall be Solomon, and I will give peace and quietness unto Israel in his days.” This agrees with Isaiah 9:6–7, “For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called… The Prince of Peace. Of the increase of his… peace there shall be no end.” Psalm 110:4, “Thou art a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek,” who, as the Apostle observes, was king of Salem, that is, king of peace [Hebrews 7:1]. Psalm 72:3, “The mountains shall bring peace unto the people.” Psalm 72:7, “In his days shall the righteous flourish; and abundance of peace so long as the moon endureth.” Psalm 85:10, “Righteousness and peace have kissed each other.” Isaiah 52:7, “How beautiful are the feet of him… that publisheth peace.” Jeremiah 33:6, “I will reveal unto them the abundance of truth and peace,” and many other places. When Solomon was born, it is said “the Lord loved him” (2 Samuel 12:24), and the prophet Nathan for this reason called him by the name “Jedidiah,” i.e. “the beloved of the Lord.” He is also spoken of as the beloved son of his father. Proverbs 4:3, “For I was my father’s son, tender and only beloved in the sight of my mother.”

Solomon was the son of a woman that had been the wife of an Hittite, a Gentile by nation, fitly denoting the honour that the prophecies represent that the Gentiles should have by their relation to the Messiah.

God made mention of Solomon’s name as one that was to be the great prince of Israel and means of their happiness from his mother’s womb; as Isaiah 49:1, “The Lord hath called me from the womb; from the bowels of my mother hath he made mention of my name.”

God promises to establish the throne of Solomon forever, in terms considerably like those used by the prophets concerning the kingdom of the Messiah. 2 Samuel 7:12–13, “I will set up thy seed after thee, which shall proceed out of thine own bowels, and I will establish his kingdom. He shall build an house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever.” Also 1 Chronicles 22:10. Isaiah 9:7, “Of the increase of his government there shall be no end, upon the throne of David, and his kingdom… to establish it… from henceforth even forever.” Psalm 110:4, “Thou art a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek.” Daniel 7:14, “His dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed.”

Solomon is spoken of as God’s son. 1 Chronicles 17:13, “I will be his father, and he shall be my son.” 1 Chronicles 22:9–10, “His name shall be Solomon… he shall be my son, and I will be his father.” 1 Chronicles 28:6, “And he said unto me, Solomon thy son, he shall build my house and my courts: for I have chosen him to be my son, and I will be his father.” Solomon was in an eminent manner God’s elect. 1 Chronicles 28:5–6, “And of all my sons (for the Lord hath given me many sons), he hath chosen Solomon my son to sit upon the throne of the kingdom of the Lord over Israel. And he said Solomon thy son… have I chosen to be my son.” 1 Chronicles 29:1, “David the king said unto all the congregation, Solomon my son, whom alone God hath chosen.”

Though David had many sons, and many born before Solomon, yet Solomon was made his firstborn, higher than all the rest, and his father’s heir and his brethren’s prince; and as Psalm 89:27, “I will make him my firstborn, higher than the kings of the earth.” Psalm 45:7, “Thy God hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.”

The word which Nathan, the minister of the Lord, spake to Bathsheba, David’s wife and Solomon’s mother, and the counsel he gave her, was the occasion of the introduction of the blissful and glorious reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1:11–13). So the prophecies represent the preaching of God’s ministers as the means of introducing the glorious kingdom of the Messiah. Isaiah 62:6–7, “I have set watchmen upon thy walls, O Jerusalem, which shall never hold their peace day nor night… till he make Jerusalem a praise in the earth.” Isaiah 52:7–8, “How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings… Thy watchmen shall lift up the voice; with the voice together shall they sing: for they shall see eye to eye, when the Lord shall bring again Zion.”

This earnest, incessant preaching of ministers shall be in the first place to the visible church of God, that is represented in the Old Testament both as the wife and mother of Christ. She is represented as His mother. Micah 4:10, “Be in pain, and labour to bring forth, O daughter of Zion, like a woman in travail”; with the next chapter, Micah 4:2–3, “Thou Bethlehem Ephratah… out of thee shall he come forth unto me that is to be ruler in Israel… Therefore will he give them up, until the time that she which travaileth hath brought forth.” Isaiah 9:6, “Unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given.” Song of Solomon 3:11, “Behold king Solomon with the crown wherewith his mother crowned him.”

Solomon’s father had solemnly promised and covenanted and sworn to Bathsheba long beforehand that Solomon should reign and sit on his throne. So the sending of the Messiah and introducing the blessings of his reign was the grand promise and covenant and oath of God to his church of old, to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and in David’s and the prophets’ times (Psalm 89:3–4, Psalm 89:35–36, 2 Samuel 3–5, Jeremiah 33:17–26 and many other places).

David almost died. Jesus Christ was crucified but returned.

Absalom was killed. Satan will be cast into the lake of fire.

2 Samuel 22:51 [He is] the tower of salvation for his king: and showeth mercy to his anointed, unto David, and to his seed for evermore.

2 Samuel 23:01: ¶ Now these [be] the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man [who was] raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said,

2 Samuel 23:02 The spirit of the LORD spake by me, and his word [was] in my tongue.

Psalm 89:19 Then thou spakest in vision to thy holy one, and saidst, I have laid help upon [one that is] mighty; I have exalted [one] chosen out of the people.

Psalm 89:20 I have found David my servant; with my holy oil have I anointed him:

1 Samuel 16:13 Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the midst of his brethren: and the spirit of the LORD came upon David from that day forward. So Samuel rose up, and went to Ramah.

Samuel anointed him with peculiar solemnity (1 Samuel 16:13).

David’s anointing remarkably agrees with what the prophecies say of the anointing of the Messiah, who speak of it as a being anointed with the Spirit of God. So David was anointed with the Spirit of God at the same time that he was anointed with oil.

Both David and Jesus died in Jerusalem:

David ruled over Israel for 40 years and died at the age of around 70 – Jesus rules over all the earth. He died on Calvary’s cross – but rose again and now lives forever.

Acts 13:36 For David, after he had served his own generation by the will of God, fell on sleep, and was laid unto his fathers, and saw corruption:

Acts 13:37 But he, whom God raised again, saw no corruption.

Other Similarities and Parallels between David and Jesus Christ

Both David and Jesus crossed the brook Kedron in the hour of personal crisis (2 Samuel 15:23; John 18:1)

Both David and Jesus condemned the use of a sword by a follower to defend them (2 Samuel 16:9-12 Matthew 26:51-53; John 18:10-11)

Both David and Jesus forgave their tormentors (2 Samuel 16:5-13; 19:18-23 Luke 23:34)

Both David and Jesus returned in triumph to Jerusalem (2 Samuel 19:8-9, 15, 25; Revelation 21:1-4)

Both David and Jesus offered up similar words in their prayers (2 Chronicles 29:11; Matthew 6:13)

David left Jerusalem in disgrace. Shimei, a Benjamite from Saul’s clan, mocked him, bruised him by throwing stones, and spat upon King David.

Soldiers mocked, bruised, and spat upon Christ.

David had great courage, graciousness, humility, leadership, love, mercy, victories, worship, zeal, and more, but any trait he had, our Lord Jesus perfected it far beyond him.

Both David and Jesus drove demons away with their voice. David would sing to Saul and the demons would depart. Jesus would just tell them to go away and they would leave.

Israel restored David to his kingdom to rule and reign.

Christ will come back to this earth to rule and reign.

David would expand Israel’s conquered territories to the furthest extent in their history.

This is very similar to the greater Israel prophecy of:

Genesis 15:18 In the same day the LORD made a COVENANT with ABRAM, saying, Unto THY SEED have I GIVEN THIS LAND, FROM the RIVER OF EGYPT unto the great river, the RIVER EUPHRATES:

Christ will extend the nation – Israel will be expanded from the Euphrates River all the way to the Nile.

Consider the country of Israel today – but when Jesus comes back, it’s going to be greatly expanded.

David went about conquering all of Israel’s enemies.

The very first place that he conquered and made his home was Jerusalem.

At the end of the 1,000 years, the very first place that Jesus, with all the saints with Him, will make as their abode is New Jerusalem.

Finally, some differences between David and Jesus

1. David was the son of Jesse by a woman through natural reproduction just like his seven older brothers (1 Samuel 22:3; Psalm 51:5) . . . BUT Jesus was the Only Begotten Son of God by supernatural reproduction in a virgin (Luke 1:31-33; Matthew 1:20-23; Isaiah 7:14).

2. David was a shepherd in Judean fields with sheep (1 Samuel 16:11; 2 Samuel 7:8) . . . BUT shepherds in Judean fields were told of the birth of a King (Luke 2:8-10; Matthew 2:1-2).

3. The city of David, Bethlehem, was where a sinner named David was born (Luke 2:4) . . . BUT the shepherds were told that born in the city of David was a Saviour of sinners like David (Luke 2:11).

4. David was a man after God’s own heart (1 Samuel 13:14; Acts 13:22) . . . BUT Jesus was God’s own Son with the fulness of the Godhead in Him bodily (Luke 1:35; Colossians 2:9).

> David was called a man after God’s own heart, and Jesus was literally FROM God’s own heart:

> “The Eternal Father, the unchangeable One, GAVE HIS ONLY BEGOTTEN SON, tore from His bosom HIM WHO WAS MADE IN THE EXPRESS IMAGE OF HIS PERSON, and sent Him down to earth to reveal how greatly He loved mankind. {Review and Herald July 9, 1895, paragraph 13}

5. David was the beneficiary, a mere recipient, of God’s covenant promises (2 Samuel 23:5) . . . BUT Jesus was the Mediator, Person, Surety, and Testator of God’s Covenant promises (Luke 1:31-33; I Timothy 2:5; Hebrews 7:22; 9:16-17).

6. David was of the tribe of Judah, though neither Shiloh nor its Lion (Gen 49:9-10) . . . BUT Jesus was both the Lion of the tribe of Judah and the Shepherd of God (Revelation 5:5; John 10:14-16; Hebrews 13:20).

7. David was a favoured and beautiful of countenance (1 Samuel 16:12) . . . BUT Jesus was and is fairer than the children of men (Psalm 45:2).

8. David was chosen to be king as one mighty from among the people (Psalm 89:19) . . . BUT Jesus is the mighty God (Isaiah 9:6).

9. David defeated all his enemies and expanded the kingdom (2 Samuel 7:1; 22:1) . . . BUT Jesus defeated enemies of a different sort – sin, death, hell, and Satan, the devil (Hebrews 1:3; 2:14).

10. David took the stronghold of Zion, an impregnable fortress (2 Samuel 5:5-10) . . . BUT Jesus took the stronghold of the devil, stronger than us (Luke 11:14-26; Colossians 1:12-14).

11. David is found in Holy Scripture with up to twelve identified sins (1 Kings 15:5; 2 Samuel 24:10; Deuteronomy 17:17; 1 Samuel 25:30-34) . . . BUT Jesus is found in Scripture tempted in every way that David was, but without sin (Hebrews 4:15; 7:26; 2 Corinthians 5:21; I John 3:5).

12. David received the presence of the Holy Spirit comparable to Saul (1 Samuel 16:13-15) . . . BUT Jesus was given the Holy Spirit without measure (John 3:34; Hebrews 1:9).

13. David played music to sooth Saul for deliverance from an evil spirit (1 Samuel 16:23) . . . BUT Jesus had devils worship Him and obey His every command (Luke 4:33-36).

14. David thought forgiveness of sins one of the greatest blessings (Psalms 25:7,18; 32:1-2) . . . BUT it was Jesus that saved David from his sins (Matthew 1:20-21; Acts 13:23,38-39).

15. David fondly remembered water from Bethlehem, which three of his mighty men brought him (2 Samuel 23:14-17) . . . BUT Jesus gives water that keep men from ever thirsting (John 4:10-15; 7:37-39).

16. David was a good shepherd over sheep and people (Psalm 78:70-72) . . . BUT Jesus was / is the Good and Great Shepherd over an innumerable church (John 10:11,14; Hebrews 13:20).

17. David had his sheep and people give their lives for him (1 Chronicles 21:14) . . . BUT Jesus gave His life for His sheep and His people (John 10:11,15).

18. David picked his own wives, and did a poor job of it, marrying more than one (1 Samuel 18:27; 25:42-44; 2 Samuel 5:13; 12:8) . . . BUT God picked Jesus’ wife, one only, which is His church (Ephesians 5:25-32; 2 Corinthians 11:1-2; Revelation 21:9).

19. David had his acts, including his sins, written in several Books of God’s prophets (1 Chronicles 29:29) . . . BUT God wrote our names in Jesus’ Book of Life (Revelation 13:8; 20:15).

20. David died for his own sins – they were more than enough – and his body is corrupted in the earth (Psalm 69:5; Romans 6:23; Acts 2:29; 13:36) . . . BUT Jesus died for David’s sins – which was fully sufficient – Jesus never saw corruption (Psalm 16:9-11; Acts 2:22-33; 13:32-39).

21. David could not build the house of the LORD for shedding much blood (1 Chronicles 22:8) . . . BUT Jesus built the house of the LORD because He shed His blood (Hebrews 13:20; Matthew 16:18; Revelation 1:5-6) . . . what is true for David is also true for Moses (Hebrews 3:5-6).

22. David did not die by God’s mercy for eating Old Testament bread consecrated by Old Testament priests (1 Samuel 21:6; Matthew 12:3-4) . . . BUT Jesus as High Priest consecrated bread to represent His willing death for us to live by God’s mercy (I Corinthians 11:23-24; Matthew 26:26).

23. David did not have ability or time to know every citizen, which Absalom used against him (2 Samuel 15:1-6) . . . BUT Jesus perfectly knows each of us, through giving His Spirit lives inside us, has our tears in His bottle, troubles in His Book, names on His hands, saw us on Calvary, ever lives to make intercession for us, and will never forget nor forsake us (John 10:2-4,14; 14:23; Psalm 56:8; Revelation 13:8; Isaiah 49:14-16; 53:10; Psalm 27:10; Hebrews 7:25; 13:5-6).

24. David strengthened his kingdom by defeating and conquering Gentiles around him (2 Samuel 8:13-14) . . . BUT Jesus strengthened His kingdom by making Gentiles His citizens and children (John 12:20-22; Acts 15:16-18; Romans 15:12; Ephesians 2:11-17).

25. David had mighty men, but like him they were men of war, and they served David by killing and destroying lives (2 Samuel 21:15-22; 23:8-39) . . . BUT Jesus’ mighty men were like Him, men that saved lives (Matthew 4:19; Luke 9:51-56; 10:3; 19:10; John 10:10).

A meaningful hymn says: “KING of my life, I crown Thee now, Thine shall the glory be; Lest I forget Thy thorn-crowned brow, Lead ME to Calvary.” Are you ready to make that commitment today and give your life to God and future King Jesus?

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Parallels between David and Jesus